南京信息工程大学光电计数器课程论文报告.docVIP

滨江学院 课程报告 题 目 反射式光电计数器设计 目录 绪论 1.1 光电计数器原理·······································1 1.2 国内外研究现状·······································2 1.3 本文主要研究内容·····································2 第二章 光电计数器设计方案论证 2.1 遮光式光电计数器·····································3 2.2 反射式光电计数器·····································3 2.3 方案选择·············································4 硬件电路设计 3.1 STC89C52简介·········································5 3.2 电源电路·············································7 3.3 传感器部分···········································8 3.3.1 E18-D50NK反射式红外传感器······················8 3.3.2 发射与接收电路··································9 3.4 复位电路·············································11 3.5 晶振电路·············································12 3.6 显示电路·············································12 3.6.1 线段的显示······································13 3.6.2 字符的显示······································13 3.6.3 汉字的显示······································13 3.6.4 1602字符型LCD简介····························· 13 3.6.5 1602LCD的基本参数及引脚功能1602LCD主要技术参数 3.6.7 1602LCD的指令说明及时序 反射式光电计数器的软件设计 4.1 显示程序·············································17 第五章 系统调试···········································23 参考文献··················································23 致谢······················································24 附录······················································24 反射式光电计数器设计 *** 南京信息工程大学滨江学院电子科学与技术，南京 210044 摘要：本文基于STC89c52单片机设计了一个结构简单、性能稳定的工业流水线用反射式光电计数器,可实现产品流水线产品的实时计数功能。该系统采用型号为E18-D50NK的红外传感器为信号采集装置,将光信号转换成电信号。以电磁继电器、三极管构成放大电路，放大后的信号经单片机处理后显示在数码管上。当系统出现锁死情况时可以通过复位键调整，直至系统正常工作。该系统优点是硬件电路简单，控制系统可靠，具有很强的实用价值。该系统拓展后，可用于生产流水线的工件计数，具有很好的应用前景。 关键词：STC89c52单片机 E18-D50NK红外传感器 实时计数 绪论 1.1 光电计数器原理 光电式传感器就是基于光电效应的理论基础用于光电信号之间的相互转换的一种传感器。其中光电效应可以分为三类。1.外光电效应：能使电子在光照射条件下逸出物体表面。光电倍增管，真空光电管等就是利用了外光电效应。 内光电效应：能使物质的电阻率在光线照射条件下改变。半导体光敏电阻这类的器件就是利用了内光电效应。3.光生伏特效应：物体在光线作用下产生电动势的现象即光生电动势。光电晶体管、光电池等就是利用了光生伏特现象。由于敏感的光波长是在可见光附近，包括红外波长和紫外波长。因此，当光电元件受光照后，电特性就会发生变化这就是光电效应。