化学毕业论文氯乙烯的合成.docVIP

摘 要PVC生产和消费发展最快的国家。我国PVC生产多采用电石作为原料，与发达国家采用的石油乙烯路线相比，存在工艺技术落后、消耗高、污染严重的问题。 聚氯乙烯笼统指的是具有重复单元-CH2＝CHC-的氯乙烯均聚物和具有少量其共聚单体（如乙酸乙烯酯、偏氯乙烯等）的共聚物。它是仅次于聚乙烯的第二大通用塑料，也是我国产量最大的塑料品种之一，应用十分广泛，所以其单体氯乙烯的生产十分重要。本设计是关于乙炔电石法制氯乙烯单体的工艺设计，它的年产量是吨，通过此方法生产的氯乙烯单体的合格率为99.9%。本设计主要包括关于设计的一些物料衡算，能量衡算，设备的选型计算等内容。本次设计由于专业知识和其学科间知识的衔接问题，只是对流程图进行了绘制。但是这次设计的创新和改进之处在于对于尾气回收处理方面：在对原有工艺进行深入研究的基础上，大胆对原工艺进行了简化，产生了新的工艺流程，实现了系统的循环连续运行，在环境保护方面也有了重大的突破。 关键词：氯乙烯，氯乙烯生产方法，乙炔法，能量控制 ABSTRACT Poly Vinyl Chloride(PVC)is one of the five general resins，as its good performance in many areas，PVC has bean widely used ver the world．China is the world’s fastest—growing country in producing and consuming of PVC．Compared wit oil ethylene as raw material in developed countries，the application of Calcium carbide in China, result in igh consumption and pollution． The polyvinyl-chloride generally refers has the repetition unit -CH2＝CHCl- chloroethylene homopolymer and has the few other comonomer (for example vinyl acetate, leaning chloroethylene and so on) the copolymer.It is only inferior to the polyethylene second big general plastic, also is one of our country output biggest plastic varieties, the application is extremely widespread, therefore its monomer chloroethylene production is extremely important.This design is about the acetylene calcium carbide legal system chloroethylene monomer technological design, its annual output is 120000 tons, through this method production chloroethylene monomer qualified rate is 99.9%.This design mainly includes about design some material balances, the energy graduated. Because this design the specialized knowledge and during other discip-lines the knowledge engagement question, was only has carried on the plan to the flow chart. But this designs innovation and the improvement place of lie in regarding the exhaust recovery processing aspect: In conducts the deep research to the original craft in the foundation, has carried on the simplification boldly to the original craft, has had the new te