考研英语长难句讲义.docxVIP

考研英语长难句突破课程讲义 第一讲句子的基本成分句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语/表语、定语、状语和补语。注：“_____”的部分是主干部分。例：Such characteristics make them perfect candidates. 谓语是整个句子的最重要的部分，也是整个句子的突破口。只有谓语是没有从句的概念的。一、谓语1、实义动词，即行为动词，watch, play 及物动词：后面直接宾语不及物动词：后面加介词+宾语We have friends all over the world. The examination ended at 11:30 am. They are looking for the lost wallet..不及物动词有的时候也可以做及物动词来用，比如close，begin, study, leave, work等The post offices close at 9:00 o’clock PM. Close the window! 形式变化：时态变化，语态变化，用情态动词+实义动词的原型，情态动词+ have+过去分词形式2、系动词(构成系表结构) Be动词持续的系动词：keep，taste，…后面加形容词He always kept silent at the meeting. The search proved difficult. 二、主语和宾语(1)认识名词：①名词是用来表示人，事物，地点，以及抽象事物名称的。比如：人：John，sister，father 事物：water，air，sun，computer 地点：London，theater 抽象事物：love，happiness，imagination，hope ②名词的数：注意单复数③名词的格：‘s以及of 逻辑语义：Rachel：I’m Carol’s ex-husbands sisters roommate. Doctor：I’m your roommates brothers ex-wifes obstetrician. (产科医生) ——老友记of: 理清逻辑语义表示所有关系：翻译方法：“A of B”翻译成“B的A”The rapidity of the motion of the wing of the hummingbird is remarkable. The coming of age of post-war baby boom brought remarkable influence upon American society. 特殊：China is proud of its five thousand years of the history and culture. (2)语法功能：充当句子中主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语等成分。例：The reasonsare clear now. Why he murdered his wifeis clear now. He has made clear the facts. He has made clear what they had done yesterday. It is the question. It is whether the book is worth reading. We found out the murderer，Tom. We found out the fact that he was killed. 注：代词与名词关系十分紧密，与名词形成特定的指代关系。分为以下几类：人称代词：I/you/he/she/it/me/you/him/her/it 形容词性物主代词：my/your/his/her/its/ 名词性物主代词：mine/yours/his/hers/its反身代词：myself/yourself/herself/himself/itself不定代词：every/both/all/none/something/anything/everything(注意否定) 疑问代词：that/what/which/whose/who/whom(3)名词性结构：动名词与不定式①动名词与不定式做主语例：Watching TV is my hobby. Getting enough vitamins is essential to life. Really using a language is not an easy task. (2006完形)Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. (2009.