基于PID与PMW的加热控制系统设计.doc

PAGE 摘 要 在现代化的工业生产中，温度控制是工业生产过程中经常遇到的过程控制。如：在冶金工业、化工生产、电力工程、造纸行业、机械制造和食品加工等诸多领域中，人们都需要对各类加热炉、热处理炉、反应炉和锅炉中的温度进行检测和控制。加热处理是工业生产中使用最为广泛的工艺之一，与之相关的各种温度控制系统广泛应用于冶金、化工、机械、食品等领域。本设计在了解了国内加热控制系统设计技术、PID控制器及脉宽调制技术应用现状，掌握了PID与PWM技术及与加热控制系统设计制作相关的基础知识，利用PID控制器和PMW输出策略设计并制作了一个闭环温度（加热）控制系统。 本系统以AT89S52单片机作为控制装置的智能部件，采用数字温度传感器DS18B20完成温度的采样，二位的LED共阳极数码管形成显示电路。通过设计和改进，本系统采用了PID控制原理来完成对温度的主控制。采用PWM技术，通过程序控制对AT89S52的管脚进行通断控制，来完成对加热电阻的输出功率控制。能对室温以上60°以下的温度实行恒温控制，基本达到设计要求。本设计具有设计简单、操作性强、适应性大等优点，在其他工程工业中可以借鉴。文章中详细的分析了系统设计方案的选择与硬件电路的设计并且给出了系统的调试过程及部份软件程序，可以模仿设计。 关键词：AT89S52；DS18B20；温度控制；PID；PWM Abstract In modern industrial production, temperature control is often encountered during industrial production process control. Such as: In the metallurgical industry, chemical industry, power engineering, paper industry, machinery manufacturing and food processing and other areas, people need all kinds of heating furnace, heat treatment furnaces, reactors and boilers in the temperature detection and control. Heat treatment is the most widely used industrial production process, one associated with a variety of temperature control system is widely used in metallurgy, chemical industry, machinery, food and other fields. Understanding of the design of domestic heating control system design, PID controller and PWM technology application, the PID control and PWM technology and designed with the heating control system, the basic knowledge related to the use of PID controller design and PMW output strategy and produced a closed-loop temperature (heating) control system. The system as a control device AT89S52 microcontroller smart parts, complete with digital temperature sensor DS18B20 temperature sampling, two of the LED digital tube formation common anode display circuit. Through the design and improvement, the system uses the PID control theory to complete the main control on temperature. With PWM technology, programmed to carry out the pins on the AT89S52 off control, to complete the heat resi