英语语法高级.pptVIP

语法知识：分词 Doing Done的区别 1.分词在句子中作状语，使用何种分词，要取决于分词与句子主语的关系: 主谓关系用现在分词，动宾或被动关系用过去分词。 e.g. Not having enough hands, we turned to them for help. (we dont have enough hands). Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wiser and handled our affairs better. (we are taught/teach us) . 语法知识：分词 2.分词作定语时，现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。 e.g. This is really an exhausting day to all of us! ?We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight. More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries. 语法知识：分词 分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的心理感受或状态，主语多为人。 【例】The film “Harry Potter” is really exciting, and I am excited about it. ?His response to the question was quite disappointing. I really felt disappointed at his response. 语法知识：倒装句 自然语序与倒装语序（主语谓语的位置关系） Ⅱ 全部倒装和部分倒装 在倒装语序中，若整个谓语都在主语之前，称全部倒装；若谓语的一部分（通常是助动词或情态动词）谓语主语之前，则称之为部分倒装。 e.g. 1. Out went the children. 2. Are you still work in that factory? Ⅲ 引起倒装的原因：语法需要和修辞需要 语法需要的倒装是必须的，否则会出现语法错误；修辞需要的倒装则是任意的，目的是为了强调，否则还是可以还原成自然语序。 语法知识：倒装句 1.多数疑问句都是倒装语序（当主语是疑问词或被疑问词所修饰的词时，用自然语序） e.g. Who is the tallest in your class? Which team won? 2. there be 句型及其变体用倒装语序 在 there be 句型及其变体there live (stand, lie, appear, seem, remain, exist等)中，按语法需要谓语动词全部位于主语之前，成为倒装语序。 e.g. There once lived in the house an old hunter. 语法知识：倒装句 3.省去if的虚拟条件从句需用倒装语序 表示虚拟语气的条件状语从句若省去if时，要将were，had或should置于从句的主语之前。若从句是否定句，否定词留在主语之后。 e.g. Should you be fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. (与将来事实相反) Were I you, I would go and ask the teacher. (现在) Had it not been your help, I couldn’t have finished my home work. (过去) 语法知识：倒装句 4. 以so, neither, nor引起的表示和前面句子意思相同的句子用倒装语序 e.g. --It’s burning hot today, isn’t it? --Yes, so it was yesterday. ---I would never ever come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! ---Neither would I. 语法知识：倒装句 5. 以there, here, now, then 开头且谓语动词是be, come, go等的句子用倒装语序。