非谓语动词学习指南.docVIP

下面短语中的to是介词，后面只能跟名词或动名词：devote oneself/one’s time, energy, etc. to(投入……)，get down to(着手干……)，lead to (通向，导致)，object to(反对)，pay attention to (注意)，look forward to (盼望)，be used to (习惯于)，stick to (坚持)等。［误］ His whole family objected to his give up the job.［正］ His whole family objected to his giving up the job.2. 下列动词后只能跟不定式：afford, agree, ask, attempt, choose, decide, hope, expect, intend, learn, long, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish等。［误］ He offered helping me.［正］ He offered to help me.3. 下列动词或动词短语的后面只能跟动名词：admit(承认)，appreciate, avoid, can’t help(禁不住)， stand(忍受)， consider (考虑，打算)，enjoy, escape (躲避)，excuse, finish, give up, imagine, insist on, mind, miss（错过）, practise, put off, risk, set about, suggest(建议)等。［误］ He admitted to break the window. ［正］ He admitted breaking the window.4. 下列动词后既可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，但含义不同：forget to do (忘记了要干什么) forget doing (忘了干过的事情) regret to do (指当时或现在遗憾地做什么) regret doing (后悔做了什么事情)try to do ( 试图干) try doing (尝试干)stop doing (停止干) stop to do (停下来去干另一件事情)mean to do (打算干) mean doing (意味着干)go on to do (继续去干另一件事情) go on doing (继续干同一件事情)［误］ He regretted to hurt his best friend. ［正］ He regretted hurting his best friend.［析］表示后悔干过……，regret后跟动名词。5. 下列动词后跟带to的不定式作补语：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。［误］ My father had expected me going to college. ［正］ My father had expected me to go to college.［析］期望某人干……是expect sb. to do sth.。6. 下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语，但在被动语态中要加上to：make, let, have, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, look at, listen to等。［误］ The boy was made wash the truck as a punishment.［正］ The boy was made to wash the truck as a punishment.7. 在easy, difficult, hard, interesting, pleasant等形容词后的不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。［误］ I find the article difficult to be understood.［正］ I find the article difficult to understand.8. 在be worth, want, need, require后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。［误］ The plant needs b