PEC生物工程英语证书考试-农业与环境生物工程词汇.docVIP

PEC生物工程英语证书考试-农业与环境生物工程词汇 A Abiotic stress.?Outside (nonliving) factors which can cause harmful effects to plants, such as soil conditions, drought, extreme temperatures. Abzyme.?See Catalytic antibody. Adaptive radiation.?The evolution of new species or sub- species to fill unoccupied ecological niches. Aerobe.?A microorganism that grows in the presence of oxygen. See Anaerobe. Agarose gel electrophoresis.?A matrix composed of a highly purified form of agar that is used to separate larger DNA and RNA molecules ranging 20,000 nucleotides. (See Electrophoresis.) Alleles.?Alternate forms of a gene or DNA sequence, which occur on either of two homologous chromosomes in a diploid organism. (See DNA polymorphism.) Alternative mRNA splicing.?The inclusion or exclusion of different exons to form different mRNA transcripts. (See RNA.) Amino acid.?Any of 20 basic building blocks of proteins-- composed of a free amino (NH2) end, a free carboxyl (COOH) end, and a side group (R). Ampicillin (beta-lactamase).?An antibiotic derived from penicillin that prevents bacterial growth by interfering with cell wall synthesis. Amplify.?To increase the number of copies of a DNA sequence, in vivo by inserting into a cloning vector that replicates within a host cell, or in vitro by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Anaerobe.?An organism that grows in the absence of oxygen. See Aerobe. Anneal.?The pairing of complementary DNA or RNA sequences, via hydrogen bonding, to form a double-stranded polynucleotide. Most often used to describe the binding of a short primer or probe. Antibiotic.?A class of natural and synthetic compounds that inhibit the growth of or kill other microorganisms. (See Antibiotic resistance, Bacteriocide, Bacteriostat.) Antibiotic resistance.?The ability of a microorganism to produce a protein that disables an antibiotic or prevents transport of the antibiotic into the cell. Antibody.?An immunoglobulin protein produced by B- lymphocytes of the immune system that binds to a s