457-组织结构.pptVIP

組織結構的設計 組織程序: 經營者為達成目標，在員工間建立起的工作關係. 組織結構 (Organizational Structure): 正式的任務系統與報告系統. 影響組織結構的因素 工作設計(Job Design) 將多項差事(tasks)組合成一特定工作( job). 利用分工(division of labor)帶來高效率. 工作簡單化(Job simplification) 工作擴大化(Job enlargement): increase tasks for a given job to reduce boredom. 工作豐富化(Job enrichment): increases the degree of responsibility a worker has over a job. 可增進員工對工作的參與. 工作特性模式(Job Characteristics Model) 功能 將不同工作組合成功能部門. 功能(Function): people working together with similar skills, tools or techniques to perform their jobs. 功能式結構(Functional structure):通常包括行銷、生產、財務等部門. 工作人員可互相學習. 易於監督、考核 但不同部門間溝通困難. 本位主義 功能結構: 舉例 部門結構(Divisional Structures) 一個部門就是功能的集合，為了生產某項產品. 部門要發展出其事業策略. 以產品為基礎的組織結構(Product structure): divisions created according to the type of product or service. 以地區為基礎的組織結構(Geographic structure): divisions based on the area of a country or world served. 以市場為基礎的組織結構(Market structure): divisions based on the types of customers served. 以產品為基礎的組織結構 以地區為基礎的組織結構 以市場為基礎的組織結構 全球組織結構(Global Structures) 國際化後，企業結構須因應與滿足全球各地不同需求. Global geographic structure: different divisions serve each world region. For customer needs that vary between regions. Global product structure: Customers in different regions buy similar products so firms keep most functional work at home and set up a division to market product abroad. 矩陣式組織與產品團隊組織 矩陣組織(Matrix structure): managers group people by function and product teams simultaneously. Complex network of reporting relationships. Very flexible and can respond rapidly to change. Each employee has two bosses which can cause problems. 產品團隊組織(Product Team Structure): 屬跨功能的團隊(cross-functional team)，避免了兩個上司的問題. 矩陣式組織結構 產品團隊(Product Team) Tall Flat Organizations Tall structures have many levels of authority relative to the organization’s size. As levels in the hierarchy increase, communication gets difficult. The extra levels result in more time being taken to implement decisions. Communications can also become garbled as it is repeated through the fi