Monkey-Trail-背景和过程介绍.pptxVIP

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EvolutionTheMonkeyTrial作者:英师本1103王靖尧王凌宇

Outline1BackgroundandReason2ProsecuterandDefendant3Process4ResultandInfluence

1920s--JazzAge1showingaspiritofunconvenyionalityandgaiety2youngpeoplelosingtheirfaithinGod

Thepartieswerebigger,thepacewerefaster,thebuildingswerehigher,themoralslooser.--F.ScottFitzgerald

WilliamJenningsBryanAnti-evolutioncampaignButlerAct《巴特勒法案》

StateRepresentativeJohnW.Butler,aTennesseefarmerandheadoftheWorldChristianFundamentalsAssociation,lobbiedstatelegislaturestopassanti-evolutionlaws;hesucceededwhentheButlerActwaspassedinTennessee.TheButlerActprohibitingpublicschoolteachersfromdenyingtheBiblicalaccountofmansorigin.ThelawalsopreventedtheteachingoftheevolutionofmanfromwhatitreferredtoaslowerordersofanimalsinplaceoftheBiblicalaccount.

InresponsetotheBulterAct,theAmericanCivilLibertiesUnionfinancedatestcaseinwhichJohnScopes,aTennesseehighschoolscienceteacher,agreedtobetriedforviolatingtheAct.Scopes,whohadsubstitutedfortheregularbiologyteacher,waschargedonMay5,1925,withteachingevolutionfromachapterinCivicBiology,atextbookbyGeorgeWilliamHunter,thatdescribedthetheoryofevolution,raceandeugenics.DirectReason

Prosecuter:WilliamJenningsBryan(1860-1925)HewasaAmericanlawyerandpoliticalleader.Hecampaignedunsuccessfullyforthepresidencyin1896,1900,and1908.HeisfamousforhisimpassionedCrossofGodspeechadvocatingfreesilverandforhisdefenseoffundamentalismintheScopesTrialDefendant:JohnScopes(1900-1970)ClarenceDarrow(1857-1938)HeisthedefencelawyerforScopes.HeisoneofthemostfamousAmericanlawyersandcivillibertarians,notableforhiswitandagnosticism.

ClarenceDarrow(left)andWilliamJenningsBryanchatincourtduringtheScopesTrial.

JohnScopesName:JohnThomasScope

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