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Wave1
2常常是(水)波离开了它产生的地方,而那里的水并不离开,就像风吹过庄稼地形成波浪,在那里我们看到波浪穿越田野而去,而庄稼仍在原地。列奥纳多·达·芬奇(LeonadodaVinci,1452-1519)2
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4Chapter5Wave波动的特征具有一定的传播速度伴随着能量的传播能产生反射、折射、干涉和衍射有相似的波动方程4
5机械波—机械振动在弹性介质中的传播电磁波交变电磁场在空间的传播波动是振动状态的传播,不是介质的传播。5
6Whatisawave?In?physics?a?wave?isadisturbanceoroscillationthattravelsthroughspaceandmatter,accompaniedbyatransferof?energy.?awaveisthemotionofadisturbance.6
7Therearetwomaintypesofwaves.?Mechanicalwaves?propagatethroughamedium,andthesubstanceofthismediumisdeformed.Forexample,soundwavespropagateviaairmoleculescollidingwiththeirneighbors.?7
8Electromagneticwaves,donotrequireamedium.Instead,theyconsistofperiodicoscillationsofelectricalandmagneticfieldsgeneratedbychargedparticles,andcanthereforetravelthrougha?vacuum.?Electromagneticwaves,varyinwavelength,andinclude?radiowaves,?microwaves,?infraredradiation,?visiblelight,ultravioletradiation,?X-rays,and?gammarays.8
9Allwaveshavecommonbehaviorunderanumberofstandardsituations.Allwavescanundergothefollowing:Reflection—changeinwavedirectionafteritstrikesareflectivesurface,Refraction—changeinwavedirectionbecauseofachangeinthewavesspeedfromenteringanewmedium9
10Diffraction—bendingofwavesastheyinteractwithobstaclesintheirpath,whichismorepronouncedforwavelengthsontheorderofthediffractingobjectsize衍射Interference—superpositionoftwowavesthatcomeintocontactwitheachother(collide)干涉Dispersion—wavesplittingup分裂byfrequency散射10
11Rectilinearpropagation—themovementofwavesinastraightline,intheabsenceofanyobstaclesorchangeinmediaAbsorption--thewaveenergyisconvertedintosomeotherformofenergy,suchasheat.11
12WavesareeverywhereinnatureExamplesofwavesinclude:Oceansurfacewaves,whichareperturbations微扰thatpropagatethroughwaterRadiowaves,microwaves,
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