选择性必修第三册配外研版Unit 4　Section A　Starting out Understanding ideas.pptx

;内容索引;素养导航;;TheAlphaGoprogram’svictory①isanexampleofhowsmartcomputershavebecome.Butcanartificialintelligence(AI)machinesactethically—cantheybehonestandfair?;OneexampleofAIisdriverless②cars.TheyarealreadyonCaliforniaroads,soitisnottoosoontoaskwhetherwecanprogramamachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove,theywillsavelives.Theywillmakefewermistakesthanhumandriversdo.Sometimes,however,theywillfaceachoicebetweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhittingachildrunningacrosstheroad,evenifthatwillputtheirpassengersatrisk?Whataboutmakingasuddenturntoavoidadog?Whatiftheonlyriskisdamagetothecaritself,nottothepassengers??;Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,buttheyarenotsuper-intelligentbeings.Teachingethicstoamachineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerchallenge③.

AboutthesametimeasAlphaGo’svictory,Microsoft’s“chatbot”tookabadturn.Thesoftware,namedTaylor,wasdesignedtoanswermessagesfrompeopleaged18-24.Taylorwassupposedtobeabletolearnfromthemessagesshereceived.Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilitytohandleconversations,butsomepeoplewereteachingTaylorracistideas.WhenshestartedsayingnicethingsaboutHitler,Microsoftturnedheroffanddeletedherugliestmessages.;AlphaGo’svictoryandTaylor’sdefeathappenedataboutthesametime.Thisshouldbeawarningtous.ItisonethingtouseAIwithinagamewithclearrulesandcleargoals.ItissomethingverydifferenttouseAIintherealworld.Theunpredictability④oftherealworldmaybringtothesurfaceatroublingsoftwareproblem.

EricSchmidtthinksAIwillbepositiveforhumans.Hesayspeoplewillbethewinner,whatevertheoutcome⑤.AdvancesinAIwillmakehumanbeingssmarter,moreableand“justbetterforhumanbeings”.;词海拾贝

①victoryn.胜利

②driverlessadj.无人驾驶的

③challengen.挑战

④unpredictabilityn.不