期中复习 阅读回答问题15篇（期中真题速递）（解析版）.docx

期中复习阅读回答问题15篇（期中真题速递）

（23-24八年级上·上海徐汇·期中）Answerthequestions(根据短文内容回答下列问题).

Inthe1800s,thesteamlocomotive(蒸汽火车头)wasconsideredbymanytobeasymbolofthenewIndustrialAge.Itwas,infact,oneofthemostimportantinventionsofthetime.Overtheyears,therehavebeenmanychangestothelocomotive.Oneofthemostimportanthasbeenitssourceofpower.

Thefirstrailroadsusedhorsesforpower,butthedevelopmentofthesteamlocomotivemaderailroadsapracticalwayoftransportation.Thefirststeamlocomotivewasbuiltin1804inBritainbyRichardTrevithick.Itcouldpull50,000pounds,butitwasnotverysuccessfulbecauseitwassoheavythatitcausedtherailstofallapart.However,itencouragedotherengineerstotrytobuildsteamlocomotives.TwoofthemostimportantmentoacceptthechallengewereGeorgeStephensonandhisson,Robert.Robertoncewonacontesttobuildthebestlocomotive.TheRocket,ashecalledit,hadanaveragespeedof20milesperhour,andthetopspeedwas29milesperhour.

InAmerica,developmentsinsteamengineswereclosebehindthoseoftheBritish.In1830,PeterCooper’stinylocomotive,calledTomThumb,lostafamousraceagainstahorse-drawncoach.AlthoughPeterCopperfailed,itstillmaderailroadofficialsbelievethatsteampowerwasmorepracticalthanhorsepower.

Justbeforetheturnofthecentury,theelectriclocomotivebecamewidelyinuse.Itsmostsuccessfulperiodwasthe1940swhenU.S.railroadshad2,400milesofelectricroutes.

Thediesel(柴油)locomotivewasinventedinthe1890sbyRudolfDiesel,aGermanengineer.Thepowerofthislocomotivecamefromadieselfuelengine.Thediesellocomotiveisstillinusetoday.Itcostsabouttwiceasmuchasasteamlocomotivetobuildbutitismuchcheapertooperate.

1．Thesteamlocomotivewasoneofthemostimportantinventionsinthe1800s,wasn’tit?

2．Whobuiltthefir