Morpheme词素公开课获奖课件.pptx

Morpheme

DefinitionThesmallestunitoflanguageintermsofrelationshipbetweenexpressionandcontent,aunitthatcannotbefurtherdividedintosmallerunitswithoutdestroyingordrasticallyalteringthemeaning,whetheritislexicalorgrammatical.

FreeBoundFreerootderivationalinflectionalBoundrootaffixesMORPHEMESprefixsuffix词缀黏着词根自由词根词素派生词缀屈折词缀自由词素黏着词素

Freemorphemes（自由词素）Freemorphemesarethosethatmayoccuralone,thatis,thosewhichmaymakeupwordsbythemselves.E.g.beddogdancenationSuchwordsarecalledmono-morphemicwords（单语素词）.Allmono-morphemicwordsarefreemorphemes.poly-morphemicwords（多语素词）：Wordsconsistwhollyoffreemorphemes.

E.g.distemperedIthasthreemorphemes,namely,dis-,temper,and–ed,ofwhichtemperisafreemorpheme,dis-and–edaretwoboundmorphemes.

Incontrast,-sincups,-alinnational,dis-indisopen,cannotalone.Thesemustappearwithatleastonedifferentmorpheme,andcalledboundmorphemes（黏着词素）.

Theroot（词根）istheprimarylexicalunitofaword,andcarriesthemostsignificantaspectsofsemanticcontentandcannotbereducedintosmallerconstituentsache痛earache耳痛

Arootmayalsobefreeorbound.First,freeroot（自由词根）morphemesarethosethatcanstandbythemselvesandarethebaseformsofwords,suchasbookishSecond,therearerelativelyafewboundroot（黏着词根）morphemesinEnglish.Suchas:pseudo-

Anaffix（词缀）isthecollectivetermforthetypeofmorphemethatcanbeusedonlywhenaddedtoanothermorpheme(therootorstem),soaffixisnaturallybound.Affixesinalanguagearelimitedinnumber,andaregenerallyclassifiedintothreesubtypes,namely,prefix（前缀）,suffix（后缀）andinfix（中缀）,dependingontheirpositionaroundtherootorstemofaword.

Inflectionalaffix（屈折词缀）:AffixthatattachedtotheendofwordstoindicategrammaticalrelationshipsareinflectionalaffixInflectionalaffixesaremostlysuffixesE.g:cupsaskedfaster

Derivationa