模块5 线路《铁道概论》中英文双语教学课件.pptVIP

1、桥梁的作用与分类作用：供铁路线路跨越水流、山谷或其它建筑物的设施。跨越河流——跨河桥。跨越山谷——跨谷桥。跨越铁路、公路——跨线桥。跨越市区、工业区、农作物区——旱桥。跨河桥(陇海线渭河桥)1Roleandclassificationofthebridge桥梁的型式很多，根据桥梁受力情况，分为5类：梁桥、拱桥、刚架桥、悬桥和组合体系桥等。Role:Afacilityforarailwaylinethatspanswater,valleys,orotherbuildings.Acrosstheriver-acrosstheriverbridge.Acrossthevalley-acrossthevalleybridge.Acrosstherailway,highway–overpassbridge.Acrosstheurbanareas,industrialareas,cropareas-drybridge.acrosstheriverbridge(LonghailineWeihebridge)Bridge,accordingtothebridgeforce,isdividedintofivecategories:beambridge,archbridge,rigidframebridge,suspensionbridgeandcombinationsystembridge.1Roleandclassificationofthebridge跨谷桥(南昆线八渡3号大桥)旱桥(西康线)跨线桥acrossthevalleybridge(NankunlineBaduNO.3bridge)drybridge(Xikangline)overpassbridge跨河桥组成部分简单图2、桥梁组成结构我们以跨河桥为例，其组成部分为：桥面、桥跨结构；桥墩、桥台；墩台及基础。桥梁由上部结构（桥跨）和下部结构（桥墩、桥台、墩台基础）组成。轨道传来的力，通过桥墩、桥台、基础，传递至基底面上。simplegraphofbridgeacrosstheriver2StructureofbridgeWetakethebridgeacrosstheriverasanexample,thecomponentsare:bridgedeck,bridgespanstructure;pier,abutment;pierandfoundationBridgeiscomposedbythesuperstructure(bridgespan)andthelowerstructure(piers,abutments,pierfoundation).Theforcefromthetrack,throughthepier,abutment,foundation,passestothebasesurface.隧道，铁路穿越山岭所开凿的地下通道。其底部承托着轨道，四周承受着围岩的压力。隧道也可以代替桥梁，从河道、海峡下穿过，即水下隧道。内昆线安边2号隧道四、隧道Tunnel:Anundergroundtunnelcutthroughamountain.Itsbottomsupportstheorbitandbearsthepressureofthesurroundingrock.Tunnelcanalsoreplacethebridge,passingfromtheriverandchannel,thatis,underwatertunnel.内昆线安边2号隧道IVTunnel1、隧道的基本组成隧道是修筑在地层内的建筑物，铁路隧道结构由主体建筑物和附属建筑物组成。主体建筑物——洞门、洞身衬砌。作用是保持隧道的稳定，保证列车的安全运行。附属建筑物——避车洞、防排水设施、通风设施。为隧道安全、养护与维修隧道的需要而设置。1BasiccomponentsoftunnelThetunnelisbuiltintheformationofthebuilding,therailwaytunnelstru