英语词汇学公开课获奖课件百校联赛一等奖课件.pptxVIP

英语词汇学课程课件;Chapter7;TeachingObjectives

Letstudentsunderstandandmastertypesofchangesinwordmeaning

Gettoknowthecausesofchanges

TeachingFocus

Causesofchanges

Typesofchanges:extension,narrowing,degradation,elevation,transferenceofmeaning,euphemism.

Extra-linguisticfactors:historicalreason,classreason,psychologicalreason

Linguisticfactors:shortening,redivisionfromborrowing,analogy;7.1TypesofChange;ExtensionofMeaning

词义旳扩大;Manuscript

(original)Handwriting(writingbyhandonly)(手稿)

(present)Anyauthor’swritingwhetherwrittenbyhandortypedwithatype-writeroraword-processor(原稿)

Salary

(original)asumofmoneygiventoRomansoldierstoenablethemtobuysalt(政府按时发给古罗马军人某些买盐旳钱)

(present)fixedpaymentmadebyemployeratregularintervalstoemployees(薪水)

;Sheissuchaprettylittlething.

Ihavetopackmythingsforthejourney.

ThereisanotherthingIwanttoaskyouabout.

Thatonlymakesthingsworse.

Thethingis,canwefinishthejobintime?

“Thing”whichusedtomean“apublicassembly”or“acouncil”inAnglo-Saxontimes,nowhasbecomeanall-purposeword.

;Generalizationofmeaningisalsofoundinmanytechnicalterms,whichareconfinedtospecializeduse.

allergic

(original)toosensitivetomedicine患过敏症旳

(present)averseordisinclinedto反感旳；厌恶旳

alibi

(original)alegaltermsignifying“thepleathattheaccusedisnotattheplacewhenthecrimeiscommitted”(被告人不在犯罪现场旳证明)

(present)excuse(借口)

;3)Wordscommonizedfrompropernameshaveexperiencedthesameprocess.

sandwich

Sandwichedbetweenthisdoorandawindowisagiantrefrigerator.

Moreexamples:lynch,vandal

;Thechangesinmeaningaregradual,andwordsarenotchangedinaday.

Lady(thehostess---noblewoman---well-cultivatedwoman---woman)

anoldladyorelderlylady

asaleslady

acleaninglady

lady’sroom

aladynovelist

ladyguests

;NarrowingofMeaning

词义旳缩小;Example;;;3.Somematerialnounsareusedto