2025年人教版高考英语一轮复习专题破训练专题二第3讲形容词和副词.docxVIP

第3讲形容词和副词

Iboughtaninteresting①novelyesterday.Thebookissointeresting②thatIcanhardlyletgoofit.Worried③aboutmystudy，mymothertookitaway.However，Ifoundmymotherabsorbed④init.

Mymotherisreadingthenovelattentively⑤nowandsheisquite⑤movedbyit.Obviously⑥，shewon’treturnthebooktomesoon.

[规则感悟]①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在“感官或使役动词＋宾语”之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。⑤副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。⑥副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。

1．形容词的构词规则

(1)名词转换为形容词的规则

类别

例词

词尾加-y

cloud→cloudy，luck→lucky，health→healthy，wind→windy，salt→salty

词尾加-(e)d

gift→gifted，talent→talented，experience→experienced，detail→detailed，age→aged

词尾加-ful/-less

meaning→meaningful/meaningless，care→careful/careless，help→helpful/helpless，harm→harmful/harmless，colour→colourful/colourless，use→useful/useless，thank→thankful/thankless

词尾加-able

comfort→comfortable，knowledge→knowledgeable，remark→remarkable，fashion→fashionable，reason→reasonable

词尾加-ous

danger→dangerous，courage→courageous，humor→humorous

词尾变-ce为-t

absence→absent，confidence→confident，difference→different，elegance→elegant，persistence→persistent，significance→significant

词尾(去e)加-al

music→musical，person→personal，nation→national，education→educational，tradition→traditional，profession→professional

词尾去-e加-al或-ial

agriculture→agricultural，culture→cultural，globe→global，universe→universal，virtue→virtual，commerce→commercial，finance→financial

词尾加-ly

friend→friendly，week→weekly，love→lovely

词尾加-en

wood→wooden，wool→woolen

词尾去-e或-y加-etic/-ic

athlete→athletic，energy→energetic，scene→scenic，economy→economic，history→historic

其他常见变化

habit→habitual，fool→foolish，pleasure→pleasant/pleased，science→scientific，medicine→medical，day→daily，influence→influential，south→southern

注意以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节名词加后缀-y变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y，如：sun→sunny，fun→funny等。以-e结尾的名词加-y变形容词时要去掉e再加-y，如：noise→noisy，ice→icy，taste→tasty等。

(2)动词转换为形容词的规则

类别

例词

词前加-a

live→alive，wake→awake，sleep→asleep

词尾加-ed/-d

excite→excited，educate→educated，relax→relaxed，challenge→challenge