胰岛素口服降糖药课件.pptxVIP

糖尿病(diabetesmellitus,DM):胰岛素分泌绝对或

相对不足，引起糖、脂肪、蛋白质代谢紊乱(wěnluàn)的

疾病。

糖尿病诊断标准被确定为

任何时候血糖≥11.1毫摩尔/升≥200毫克/分升),

和(或)空腹血糖≥7.0毫摩尔/升(≥126毫克/分升),则可以诊断为糖尿病

第一页，共五十一页。

胰岛素及口服降糖药

Cysticduct

Duodenum

PANCREAS

胰腺ywan)pancreas

Common

Gallbladder

Betacell

Capillaries

Pancreas

ABonaat

Esophagus

Alphacell

Deltacell

第二页，共五十一页。

duct

Liver

Stomach

糖尿病

分类

I型(insulin-dependentdiabetesmellitus,IDDM)

自身免疫性疾病-β细胞破坏，胰岛素分泌缺乏

Ⅱ型(non-insulin-dependentdiabetesmellitus,

NIDDM)β细胞功能低下，胰岛素相对ciangdu)缺乏、

胰岛素抵抗(INR)

第三页，共五十一页。

·TypeIorinsulin-dependentdiabetesmellitusisthe

resultofafrankdeficiencyofinsulin.Theonsetofthisdisease

typicallyisinchildhood.ItisduetodestructionpancreaticBcells,

mostlikelytheresultofautoimmunitytooneormorecomponents

ofthosecells.Manyoftheacuteeffectsofthisdiseasecanbecontrolledbyinsulinreplacementtherapy.Maintainingtightcontrolofbloodglucoseconcentrationsbymonitoring,treatmentwithinsulinanddietarymanagementwillminimizethelong-termadverseeffectsofthisdisorderonbloodvessels,nervesandotherorgan

systems,allowingahealthylife.

第四页，共五十一页。

·Typellornon-insulin-dependentdiabetesmellitus

beginsasasyndromeofinsulinresistance.Thatis,targettissuesfail

torespondappropriatelytoinsulin.Typically,theonsetofthisdiseaseisinadulthood.Despitemonumentalresearchefforts,the

natureofthedefecthasbeendifficulttoascertain-insomepatients,

theinsulinreceptorisabnormal,inothers,oneormoreaspectsofinsulinsignallingisdefective,andinothers,nodefecthasbeenidentified.Becausethereisnot,atleastinitially,aninabilitytosecreteadequateamountsofinsulin,insulininjectionsarenotusefulfortherapy.Ratherthediseaseiscontrolledthroughdietarytherapy

andhypoglycemicagents.

第五页，共五十一页。

TheRoleofInsulin

sinsulin)

glucose

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