基于51单片机的步进电机控制系统设计.docVIP

PAGE PAGE II PAGE PAGE III 基于51单片机的步进电机控制系统设计 摘 要 步进电机具有良好的启动性能和调速特性，它的特点是启动转矩大，能在宽广的范围内平滑、经济地调速，转速控制容易，调速后效率很高。由于直流调速系统的调速精度高，调速范围广，所以，在对调速性能要求较高的场合，一般都采用步进电机拖动。直流调速技术迅速发展，走向成熟化、完善化、系列化、标准化，在可逆、宽调速、高精度的电机拖动领域中一直居于垄断地位。 本文介绍了用AT89C51系列单片机设计监测步进电机的数据采集处理系统以及显示模块。对于转速该系统采用单片机技术。转速传感器采集的数据交给单片机处理，再由液晶显示屏显示测量的转速值。对于电机该系统利用编码器在0-360°范围内进行测量收集信号，在多圈旋转的情况下能够实现单圈自动归零，通过单片机进行格雷码转化处理，测量电机通过数码管显示。软件部分的设计采用模块编程，方便今后的维护和改进。 关键词：步进电机；单片机；传感器；调速 ABSTRACT The stepper motor has good starting performance and speed regulation characteristics. Its characteristic is that the starting torque is large, it can speed regulation smoothly and economically in a wide range, the speed control is easy and the efficiency is very high after the speed control. Because of the high speed and wide range of speed regulation of DC speed regulating system, the stepper motor is usually used to drive on occasions with high speed performance requirements. DC speed regulation technology is developing rapidly, becoming mature, perfected, serialized and standardized. It has been a monopoly in the field of reversible, wide speed control and high precision motor drag. This paper introduces the design and implementation of data acquisition and processing system and display module for monitoring stepper motor based on AT89C51 MCU. The single chip computer technology is used for the speed system. The data collected by pressure sensor are processed by single chip microcomputer, and then the measured value of rotational speed is displayed by LCD. The system uses the encoder to measure and collect the signal in the range of 0-360 degrees. In the case of multi circle rotation, the single loop automatic zero return can be realized, the gray code conversion processing is carried out by the single chip microcomputer, and the motor is displayed through the digital tube. The design of software part adopts module programming, which is convenient for maintenance and improvement in the future. Key words: step