2020复旦大学翻译硕士考研真题回忆最全整理 .pdf

2020 复旦大学翻译硕士考研真题回忆最全整理 基础英语 1.词汇语法题1*20 （单词可按GRE 单词准备） 2. 阅读理解三篇10*3 （每篇5 题 星火专八难度左右） A.讨论为什么只有人有下颌，是进化还是什么原因？ 以下疑似第一篇阅读原文： Why we have chins: Researchers contend chin comes from evolution, not mechanical forcesby Richard C. Lewis , University of Iowa We have one feature that primates, Neanderthals, archaic humans—any species, for that matter—dont possess: a chin. In some way, it seems trivial, but a reason why chins are so interesting is were the only ones who have them, says Nathan Holton, who studies craniofacial features and mechanics at the University of Iowa. Its unique to us. New research led by Holton and colleagues at the UI posits that our chins dont come from mechanical forces such as chewing, but instead results from an evolutionary adaptation involving face size and shape—possibly linked to changes in hormone levels as we became more societally domesticated. The finding, if true, may help settle a debate thats gone on intermittently for more than a century why modern humans have chins and how they came to be. Using advanced facial and cranial biomechanical analyses with nearly 40 people whose measurements were plotted from toddlers to adults, the UI team concludes mechanical forces, including chewing, appear incapable of producing the resistance needed for new bone to be created in the lower mandible, or jaw area. Rather, they write in a paper published online in the Journal of Anatomy, it appears the chins emergence in modern humans arose from simple geometry: As our faces became smaller in our evolution from archaic humans to today—in fact, our faces are roughly 15 percent shorter than Neanderthals—the chin became a bony prominence, the adapted, pointy emblem at the bottom of our face.University of Iowa researchers find that we develop chins as our head size increases, from childhood to adulth