托福阅读题型讲解.docVIP

托福阅读题型讲解 Type 1. Factual information questions 事实信息/细节题 题目特征： 四个选项中一般只有一个选项被原文提及，或与原文语意一致（同义），此选项即正确答案。 提问方式： Official Guide P.20 解题方法： 找出题干中的关键词（key words）,一般为核心名词概念或形容词， 回原文定位key words，精读其所在句，准确理解语意。 例题： According to this paragraph, displacement is: A internally directed aggression B a modeled type of aggression C aggression that is unintentional D aggression that is directed outward An ethnologist would be most likely to study A learned catharsis in a certain species of monkey B the evolution of a certain type of fish C the bone structure of a certain type of dinosaur D the manner in which a certain male lion fights other male lion Numerous theories are based on the idea that aggression is an inherent and natural human instinct. Aggression has been explained as an instinct that is directed externally toward others in a process called displacement, and it has been noted that aggressive impulses that are not channeled toward a specific person or group may be expressed indirectly through socially acceptable activities such as sports and competition in a process called catharsis. Biological, or instinctive, theories of aggression have also been put forth by ethnologists, who study the behavior of animals in their natural environments. A number of ethnologists have, based upon their observations of animals, supported the view that aggression is an innate instinct common to human. Type 2. Negative Factual Information questions 否定事实信息题 题目特征： 四个选项中有三个选项被原文提及，且与原文语意一致；只有一个未被提及，或与原文语义相矛盾，此选项即正确答案。 提问方式： Official Guide P.22 提问关键词： NOT EXCEPT 解题方法： ① 未被提及的选项为正确答案 找出题干中的关键词（key words）,回原文定位key words，精读其所在句，准确理解语意。 例题： All of the following are described as being controlled by the autonomic nervous system EXCEPT: A connective tissue B cardiac muscle C glandular activity D smooth muscle In any vertebrate two chief parts of the nervous system may be distinguished. These are the central nervous system, consisting of the brain and spinal cord, and the