水文地球化学过程.pptxVIP

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2023-07-16 发布于上海
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水文地球化学过程.pptx

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水文地球化学过程第1页/共84页 Outline of topicsWater reacts with Soils and rocksGroundwater Regime Water QualityFlow Reaction TimeOverview of groundwater reactionsMost important indicator parameters in groundwater (pH,EC, alkalinity, Organic Indicators)Most important types of reaction (acid/base, reduction/oxidation, solution/precipitation)Need to consider reactions to classify, predict migration, identify persistence and remediationywu@第2页/共84页 WaterSoils and RocksHydrogeochemistryHydrochemistryGeochemistryHydrogeological ProcessWaterGroundwater reacts with Soils and rocksReactionywu@第3页/共84页 Groundwater Regime Water Qualityywu@第4页/共84页 Flow Reaction Timeywu@第5页/共84页 Overview of groundwater reactions Solid phase interactions Solution-precipitation and volatilization Adsorption including ion exchange Enrichment Neutralisation-acidbase reaction Oxidation Reduction reactions (redox) Adsorption including Ion exchange? Complexation Hydrolysis reactionsIsotopic reactions Decarbonation Desulfation Diogenic agencyywu@第6页/共84页 Why should we study Hydrochemical Reactions?ywu@第7页/共84页 Groundwater QualityDependent on rock types and length of reaction timesUsually long enough to allow significant reactionHigher dissolved substances than surface watersChemistry usually reflects composition of rocks in aquiferDolomites-Ca, Mg, HCO3Granites-Na, K, F, Sand Aquifer-low TDS- relatively inert rocks-rainfall determining factorywu@第8页/共84页 Comparison of reaction ratesywu@第9页/共84页 Oxidation of sulphide minerals, in the presence of oxygen, water and bacteriaGenerally in South Africa the mineral pyrite (FeS2) is the primary cause.Pyrite occurs as an associated or gangue mineral with gold, the base metals and also coalPyrite (Fool’s Gold )3218BA1731:745m MalmesburyDissolve of Pyriteywu@第10页/共84页 Detailed reactions(1) FeS2 + 7/2 O2 + H2O = Fe 2+ + 2SO42- + 2H+ (2) Fe2+ + 1/4O2 + H+ = Fe3+ + 1/2 H2O (rate limiting step)(3) Fe3+ + 3H2O = Fe(OH)3 (yellow boy) + 3H+ (4) FeS2 +14Fe3+ +