分子生物学发展简史.pptxVIP

分子生物学发展简史第1页/共45页 The term has more than one definitionDefine in broadly: to understand biological phenomena in molecular terms (difficult to distinguish from biochemistry)Define in restrictively:to study gene structure and function at the molecular levelWhat is Molecular biology?第2页/共45页 Gene concept Gene structureGene replication Gene expression Gene recombinationGene mutationMolecular Biology of the Gene（狭义的分子生物学）第3页/共45页 第一章 分子生物学发展简史分子生物学是研究核酸、蛋白质等生物大分子的结构与功能，并从分子水平上阐述蛋白质与核酸、蛋白质与蛋白质之间相互作用的关系及其基因表达调控的机理的学科。第4页/共45页 中国步入世界生命科学强国1859-2009 Darwin 物种的起源-第1版 一夜间销售而空 经典遗传学理论 1900. -1926.1952 J .Watson and F. Crick 对基因的概念、结构与功能的认识发生了质的飞跃 Modern Genetics1973年 斯坦福大学 Cohn 加州大学 Boyer 重组DNA技术1944 Avery 肺炎球菌转化试验 DNA是遗传信息的载体2000年6月 HGP提前完成 功能基因组时代到来第5页/共45页 Nobel medal Half a pound of 23-karal gold. 2.5 inches across 近半个世纪以来 医学，化学中重大突破与成就者 Nobel Prize分子生物学发展的里程碑与主要内容第6页/共45页 ?????????????????????????????????????????????for his discoveries concerning the role played by the Chromosome in heredity , demonstrated that genes are on the chromosomeThomas Hunt Morganin Physiology or Medicine 1933 Nobel Prize （基因学说）第7页/共45页 ?????????????????????The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946 ?? ? for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallizedfor their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form ???????????????????????????????James Batcheller Sumner John Howard Northrop Wendell Meredith Stanley ??? Cornell University Rockefeller Institute USA Rockefeller Institute USA 1887 --- 1971The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946第8页/共45页 1958 J.Lederberg (33y)Phage transductionThe Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958“for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin“ （两度获诺贝尔化学奖）Frederick Sanger Cambridge University 1918 - Beadle Tatum 1：一个基因一个酶假说（揭示了基因的基本功能）2：营养缺陷型研究方法（生化遗传）采用大肠杆菌的营养缺陷型发现了细菌的遗传重组第9页/共45页 Francis Crick (35