urinarysystem泌尿系统全英文.pptxVIP

urinarysystem泌尿系统全英文第1页/共62页 CompositionKidney Ureter Urinary bladderUrethra 第2页/共62页 Part 1 kidneyBean-shape: a concave area on the edge toward the centre called hilum, where renal artery enters the kidney and renal vein leaves it. The ureters also leave the kidneys at the hilum, leading to the bladder.The human kidneys represent about 0.5% of the total weight of the body, but receive 20–25% of the total arterial blood pumped by the heart. 第3页/共62页 NephronsThe functional unit of the kidney Responsible for the actual purification and filtration of the blood About one million nephrons are in the cortex of each kidney Consists of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule The renal tubule consists of the convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle 近端小管远端小管Urine formation proceeds through 3 major processes in the kidney:Glomerular filtration-by the glomeruli.2. Tubular reabsorption and secretion in the renal tubules.3. Tubular secretion第4页/共62页 nephronrenal corpusclerenal tubuleglomerular capsule(Bowman’s capsule)glomerulusafferentarterioleefferentarteriole肾单位肾小体肾小球Urine formation proceeds through 3 major processes in the kidney: 1. Glomerular filtration-by the glomeruli. 2. Tubular reabsorption and secretion in the renal tubules. 3. Tubular secretion第5页/共62页 Working mechanism of the kidneys: Blood is brought to the kidney via the renal artery. The kidneys filter the blood and then reabsorb useful materials such as glucose. After it has been purified the blood returns to the circulation through the renal vein.第6页/共62页 New words about kidneyGeneral EnglishRootEg.kidneyRen/oRenographySuprarenalLienorenalNephr/oNephritisHydronephrosisRenal pelvisPyel/oPyelographyPyelonephritisPelvi/opelvilithotomy pelvioplastyGlomerularGlomerul/oGlomerulonephritis第7页/共62页 Part 2 Ureters Two muscular tubes which convey the urine from the renal pelvis to the urinary bladder.Each measures 20-30cm in length, 0.5-0.7cm in diameter.According to the course, each ureter can be divided in