管理学罗宾斯第11版.pptVIP

第一页，共三十页。 Compare and contrast views on the change process Classify types of organizational change Explain how to manage resistance to change Discuss contemporary issues in managing change Describe techniques for stimulating innovation第二页，共三十页。 The Change Process The Calm Waters MetaphorLewin’s description of the change process as a break in the organization’s equilibrium state.Unfreezing the status quoChanging to a new stateRefreezing to make the change permanentWhite-Water Rapids MetaphorThe lack of environmental stability and predictability requires that managers and organizations continually adapt (manage change actively) to survive.第三页，共三十页。 Exhibit 6-1: External and Internal Forces for Change第四页，共三十页。 Organizational Change and Change AgentsOrganizational Change - any alterations in the people, structure, or technology of an organization.Change Agents - persons who act as catalysts and assume the responsibility for managing the change process.第五页，共三十页。 Types of Change AgentsManagers: internal entrepreneursNonmanagers: change specialistsOutside consultants: change implementation experts第六页，共三十页。 Exhibit 6-2: The Three-Step Change Process第七页，共三十页。 Types of ChangeStructureChanging an organization’s structural components or its structural designTechnologyAdopting new equipment, tools, or operating methods that displace old skills and require new onesAutomation - replacing certain tasks done by people with machinesComputerizationPeopleChanging attitudes, expectations, perceptions, and behaviors of the workforce第八页，共三十页。 Exhibit 6-3: Three Types of Change第九页，共三十页。 Organizational DevelopmentOrganizational Development (OD) - techniques or programs to change people and the nature and quality of interpersonal work relationships.Global OD - OD techniques that work for U.S. organizations may be inappropriate in other countries and cultures.第十页，共三十页。 Exhibit 6-4: Popular OD Techniques 第十一页，共三十页。 Managing Resistance to ChangeWhy People Resist ChangeThe ambigui