化学醇酚和醚.pptxVIP

化学醇酚和醚第1页/共85页 2Lecture OutletNaming alcohols, phenols ethersPhysical properties of alcohols, phenols ethersBoiling point -- Hydrogen bondingAcidityPreparation of alcoholsHydration of alkenesReduction of carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters)Reactions of alcoholsDehydration of alcohols第2页/共85页 3Alcohols, Phenols EthersAlcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp3)Phenols contain an OH group connected to a carbon in a benzene ringEthers have an oxygen atom bonded to two organic groups (alkyl, aryl, vinyl)Methanol, CH3OH, called methyl alcohol, is a common solvent, a flavoring agent, produced in large quantitiesEthanol, CH3CH2OH, called ethyl alcohol, is a solvent, a fuel additive, a beveragePhenol, C6H5OH has diverse uses - it gives its name to the general class of compoundsDiethyl ether, CH3OCH3 has medical use as an anesthetic agent第3页/共85页 410.1 Naming AlcoholsGeneral classifications of alcohols based on substitution on C to which OH is attachedMethyl (C has 3 H’s, CH3OH), Primary (1°, RCH2OH) (C has two H’s, one R), secondary (2°, R2CHOH) (C has one H, two R’s), tertiary (3°, R3COH) (C has no H, 3 R’s)第4页/共85页 510.1.2 IUPAC Rules for Naming AlcoholsSelect the longest carbon chain containing the hydroxyl group, and derive the parent name by replacing the -e ending of the corresponding alkane with -ol Number the carbons of the parent chain from the end nearer the hydroxyl groupNumber all substituents according to position on the chain, listing the substituents in alphabetical order 第5页/共85页 6Many Alcohols Have Common NamesThese are accepted by IUPAC第6页/共85页 710.1.2 Naming PhenolsThe word phenol is used both as the name of a specific substance (hydroxy benzene) and as the family name for all hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds.Number other substituents on the aromatic ring by their position from OH so that the lowest possible number is used.第7页/共85页 810.1.3 Naming Ethers Simple ethers are named by identifying the tw