维持性血液透析病人的护理.docxVIP

维持性血液透析病人的护理  As the number of people suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) continues to rise, maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) has become an increasingly common form of treatment. Patients undergoing MHD require extensive and ongoing medical support to mitigate the many physical and psychological challenges that come with the treatment. The care of MHD patients is multidimensional, encompassing not only dialysis itself but also lifestyle changes, medication management, nutritional counseling, and emotional support. Additionally, as MHD patients often experience comorbidities such as heart disease and diabetes, care must be integrated into the management of these conditions as well. A key aspect of MHD patient care is the management of vascular access sites. As the bloodstream filtration process depends on the efficient flow of blood to and from the dialysis machine, patients undergoing MHD require a reliable access site. However, vascular access sites are prone to complications, such as thrombosis or infection, that must be promptly identified and treated to minimize the risk of complications. Infection prevention is also a critical aspect of MHD patient care. Dialysis increases the risk of healthcare-associated infections, including central line-associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, and surgical site infections. To reduce the risk of infection, strict hygiene practices should be established and followed, and appropriate antibiotics prescribed when necessary. MHD patients often suffer from malnutrition, which can exacerbate the risks associated with dialysis. As such, nutritional counseling should be integrated into patient care, and the patients dietary regimen should be customized to meet their specific needs based on their condition and laboratory values. This may involve advising the patient to consume foods that are high in protein, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, or limiting salt intake to help manage f