高考英语翻译：定语从句和名词性从句课件.pptxVIP

定语从句这是我昨天买的那本书。This is the book that/ which I bought yesterday.定从使用前提（一）：带有动词的“的”字结构我订了一间窗户朝南的房间。I booked a room whose window faced south. I booked a room in which/ where the window faced south. 1 定语从句试对比：这是我昨天买的那本书。我订了一间窗户朝南的房间。注意：当“的”结构为完整句子时，需要注意引导词的使用。一般可以通过还原的方法加以确定。还原方法：将“的”字结构后所修饰名词带入完整句子，观察其在句中的成分。2 定语从句我买了一本书。这本书给我提供了很大的帮助。I bought a book, which gave me great help. 定语从句使用前提（二）：相邻句子有名词重复时，可使用定语从句合并翻译。合并方法：找出重复名词，用相应引导词替代，进行句子合并。3 定语从句他离开了学校。这让我大吃一惊。He left the school, which surprised me greatly. He left the school, as a result of which I was greatly surprised. 注意：当重复部分为句子时，必须使用逗号+which的定语从句。4 定语从句的简化形式条件：引导词作从句的主语方法：省略引导词，改谓语动词为非谓语动词。非谓语动词的三种基本形式：-ing：表主动、正在进行-ed ： 被动、已经完成to ： 表将来、目的5 定语从句的简化形式I bought a book, which provided great help. I bought a book providing great help. I bought a book, which was written by the best novelist in the world. I bought a book written by the best novelist in the world. I bought a book, which would solve all my problems in English learning. I bought a book to solve all my problems in English learning. I bought a book, which was able to solve all my problems in English learning. I bought a book able to solve all my problems in English learning. 6 名词从句——主语从句我们什么时候能成功取决于我们自身的努力。When we can succeed depends on our own efforts. 主语从句使用的前提（一）：句子充当主语翻译方法：名词从句可以基本按照语序翻译，但引导词要置于句首。7 名词从句——主语从句我们最终取得了成功依靠的是我们自身的努力。That we finally succeeded depended on our own efforts. 试对比：我们什么时候能成功取决于我们自身的努力。我们最终取得了成功依靠的是我们自身的努力。注意：当主语从句为陈述句句意时，必须在句首加上引导词that。8 名词从句——主语从句他离开了学校。这让我大吃一惊。That he left the school surprised me greatly. 主语从句使用的前提（二）：前句为后句的主语翻译方法：用前句代替后句的主语。9 名词从句——主语从句我们什么时候能成功还是一个未知数。When we can succeed is still unknown/ a mystery.It is still unknown/ a mystery when we can succeed. 形式主语使用的常见形式：It is adj. that/ wh-...It is n. that/ wh...It is -ed that...It appears/ seems that...It happens that...It occurs to/ dawns on sb that...10 名词从句——主语从句It is -ed that...的变形：变动词It is said/ reported/ predicted/ estimated/ supposed/ believed/ th