反杜林论思政英语.pptxVIP

反杜林论思政英语会计学第1页/共75页Part I: PhilosophyIX. Morality and LawEternal Truths (excerpt )第2页/共75页Para OneIf, then , we have not made much progress with truth and error, we can make even less with good and evil. This opposition manifests itself exclusively in the domain of morals, that is , a domain belonging to the history of mankind, and it is precisely in this field that final and ultimate truths are most sparsely sown.(1)第3页/共75页The conceptions of good and evil have varied so much from nation to nation and from age to age that they have often been in direct contradicton to each other. ――but all the same(2), someone may object, good is not evil and evil is not good, if good is confused with evil, there is an end to all morality, and everyone can do as he pleases. 第4页/共75页 ――This is also, stripped of all oracular phrases , Herr Duhring’s opinon. But the matter cannont be so simply disposed of. If it were such an easy business there would certainly be no dispute at all over good and evil; everyone would know what was good and what was bad. But how do things stand today ?{3} 第5页/共75页 What morality is preached to us today? There is first Christian-feudal morality, inherited from earlier religious times; and this is divided, essentially , into a Catholic and a Protestant morality, each of which has no lack of subdivisions, from the Jesuit-Catholic and Orthodox-Protestant to loose “enlightened”moralities. 第6页/共75页Alongside theese we find the modern-bourgeois morality and beside it also the proletarian morality of the futrue, so that in the most advanced European countries alone the past, present and future provide three great groups of moral theories which are in force(4) simultaneously and alongside each other. 第7页/共75页Which, then, is the true one? Not one of them, in the sense of absolute finality; but certainly that morality contains the maximu elements promising permanence which, in the present, represents the overthrow of the present, represents the future, and th