英语发展史_教学课件 Part 1Old_English.pptVIP

* * Handwriting: Calligraphy 1. Futhorc 2. Minuscule 3. Half-uncial 4. Insular script 5. Carolingian minuscule (aka Caroline) 1/5. Futhorc 2/5. Minuscule 3/5. Uncial 4/5. Insular Half Uncial 5/5. Carolingian minuscule Handwriting: Calligraphy The letter yogh was adapted from Irish ecclesiastical forms of Latin ?g?. The letter e?t ?e? (called eth or edh in modern English) was an alteration of Latin ?d?. The runic letters thorn and wynn are borrowings from futhorc. Handwriting: Calligraphy Also used was a symbol for the conjunction and, a character similar to the number seven (called a Tironian note). A symbol for the relative pronoun t?t, a thorn with a crossbar through the ascender. Macrons ?ˉ? over vowels were rarely used to indicate long vowels. Also used occasionally were abbreviations for following m’s or n’s. Questions? 1. What alphabet did Old English use? 2. What is the linguistic consequence of the spread of Christianity in Britain? 3. What is your understanding of the Old English word order (inflection)? 4. How many dialects are there in Old English? 5. In what way did Old Norse influence Anglo-Saxon English? 6. What kind of words did Old English borrow from Old Norse? 7. What are the two main “poetic devices” used in Old English poetry? 8. How much do you know about Old English literature? * 字体：Constantia * * * * * * * 古英语时期（又称盎格鲁-撒克逊时期 the Anglo-Saxon Period） 　　古英语时期——公元449年至1100年 　　古英语时期共有四种主要方言： 　　(1)诺森伯里亚方言——洪伯河(the Humber)以北的方言 　　(2)梅尔西亚方言——界乎洪伯河与泰晤士河之间的英国中部地区的方言 　　(3)肯特(Kentish)方言——居住在英国东南部地区的朱待人的方言 　　(4)西撤克逊方言——泰晤士河以南的方言。诺森伯里亚和悔尔西亚这两种方言又合称盎格里亚方言，即盎格鲁人居住地区的方言。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * Beowulf [?] Hw?t! We Gardena in geardagum, teodcyninga?trym gefrunon hu ea ?telingas?ellen fremedon. Oft Scyld Scefing sceatena treatum, monegum m?gtum meodosetla ofteah, egsode eorlas, syeean ?rest weare feasceaft funden; he t?s frofre gebad weox under wolcnum weoremyndum tah, oet?t him ?ghwylc ymbsittendra ofer hronrade hyran s