专题05 语法知识-冠词,名词,代词,形容词,副词 -2022年初升高英语衔接宝典.docxVIP

优点英语 语法衔接-冠词.名词.代词.形容词副词 01冠词 教材衔接 概念剖析 初高中知识链接 冠词是虚词，本身不能单独使用，也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义。冠词可以说是名词的一种标志，它不能离开名词而独立存在。冠词分为不定冠词（a，an）和定冠词（the）。 初高中对于冠词的考查都是集中在冠词基本用法的考查，重点是对冠词表示泛指.特指的考查，冠词的 习惯语法也是考查的重点。冠词的难点集中在冠词的活用。 知识链接 一.不定冠词a／an 1.用于泛指，表示“一个”。 I gave him a book yesterday. 1am reading an interesting story. 2.用于单数名词前表示类属。 A horse is a useful animal. A bird can fly. 3.用于固定搭配。 a few, a pair of, half an hour, as a matter of fact, have a look, all of a sudden, a lot of, make a face, lead a happy life, have a rest, in a hurry, have a look, have a cold，have a try，have a good time，等。 【提醒】a用在以辅音音素或半元音音素开头的单词.符号.字母等的前面；an则用在以元音音素开头的词. 字母或符号等的前面。 二.定冠词 the 1.名词前加定冠词表示特指或类属。 The pencil I need has disappeared. The horse is bigger than the pig. 2.用于前面已提过的人或物的名词前。 I bought a book from Xinhua bookshop. The book cost 15 yuan. Lucy bought a radio yesterday, but she found some-thing was wrong with the radio. 3.用在世界上独一无二的事物前。 the sun, the earth, the moon, the world 4.用于表示方向.方位的名词前。 China is in the east of Asia. 5.用于形容词最高级或序数词前 在序数词的前面，一般情况下，要用定冠词the；也可用在比较级.最高级所修饰的名词前 This is the biggest city in China I have ever visited. His room is on the third floor. 6.用于表示江.河.湖.海.山脉及海峡的名词前。 the Yellow River, the West Lake, the Himalayas, the Pacific Ocean, the English Channel 7.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the Peoples Republic of China, the Ming Period, the Times 8.用在某些形容词或过去分词前，表示一类人。 the poor, the rich, the wounded, the sick, the deaf The wounded were brought to the hospital. He always helps the poor. 9.用于一些固定习语中。 in the end, at the foot of, on the right, go to the cinema, at the age of, all the same, in the morning 10.表示演奏乐器时，乐器前加定冠词。 Do you like playing the piano or the violin? 11.用在姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇。 The Greens are very kind to us. The Whites like the classic music. 12.用于一些固定短语中。 定冠词 the 常用于如： the matter，the same，all the year round, at the age of, on the left/right, by the way, in the middle of, the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday，on the way to等一些固定短语中。 三.零冠词 1.复数名词.不可数名词前，表示类别或泛