非谓语动词表格形式.docx

6 6 非谓语动词 一．动词不定式 动词不定式的构成：to + 动词原形（这里的to 是不定式符号，本身无词义） 否定：not+ (to +) 动词原形 功能主语 功能 主语 例句 To speak English is not easy for us. = It is not easy for us to speak English. 表语 宾语 宾补 定语状语 说明 作主语用的不定式，常常用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面，其结构 为:It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+ 动词不定式 My work is to clean the room every day. = 多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换为To clean the room every day is my work. 作主语 —What sports does he like to play? 只能作某些动词的宾语，一般不做介词 — He likes to play basketball. 的宾语 My mother made me play the piano all the 在 make, let, see, hear, watch 等使time. 役动词后，不定式省略to Have you got anything to say? 不定式做定语，要放在所修饰词的后面I’m sorry to trouble you. 不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的 主语一致 to do 作主语常用it 作形式主语 例： To learn English well is useful. → It is useful（for us）to learn English well. 注意：在 kind, good, nice, clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for 而用of. 一些表示命令，打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语：would like, like（想要）, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, except 等。 例 ：Would you like too see a film this evening? 在 find, think 后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。例 ：I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式作宾语 Why not do ……, why don’t you do…, had better (not) do…, would rater do…, could/ would/ will you please (not) do… 例： I would rather stay in the room. 一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语，但to 要省略。 一感（fell）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let/ make/ let）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）、五帮助（help）,但变为被动语态是必须加上 to. 例 ：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。 二．动名词 动名词的构成： 动词原形+-ing 动名词的句法功能 功能 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式 宾 语 动词宾语介词 宾语 I like playing basketball very much. Stamps are used for sending letters. 表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性动作 表语 His hobby is collecting stamps= Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下，动名词作表语可装换成 做主语 定语 She is in the reading room. 只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关 系等。至置于所修饰词之前 常跟动名词作宾语的词：完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like） 喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind） 三．分词 构成： 动词+ -ing 动词 + -ed 分词的句法功能 功能 功能 定语 例