If条件句和虚拟语气知识.pdfVIP

If 条件句和虚拟语气 if 条件句和虚拟语气 包含条件从句的句子叫条件句。条件句有两类：一类是真实条件句（ First conditional ）, 一类是非真实条件句 (Second Conditional) 。如果假设的情况是有可能发生 的，就是真实条件句； 如果是纯属假设情况或是不可能发生或可能性不大的情况， 则是非真 实条件句。 1. 真实条件句 , 可用 if 和 unless 引导 1）一个动作发生，另一动作随之发生 I ’ll lend Peter the money if he needs it. If he has time, he will come. If he doesn ’t come before 12 o ’clock, we won ’t wait for him. I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. I won ’t go to her party unless I am invited. 2）表示命令、建议或请求 , 这时的 if 等于 when If she telephones, let me know. Give my love to Lawrence if you see him. 3)will 用于 if 从句中，不表示将来，而表示愿意或坚持的意思 If you will come this way, I ’ll take you to the manager ’s office. If you will get drunk every night, it ’s not surprising you feel ill. 2. 非真实条件句 非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句和错综时间条件句 1）虚拟条件句分三类，其结构列表如下： 条件从句 结果主句 与现在 If ＋主语＋动词的一般过去 主语＋ would/could/might 事实相反 时（ be 动词一般用 were） ＋动词原形 与过去 If ＋主语＋ had＋过去分词 主语＋ would/could/might 事实相反 ＋have＋过去分词 与将来 If ＋主语＋一般过去时 主语＋ 事实相反 would/should/could/might ＋ If ＋主语＋ were to 动词原形 If ＋主语＋ should ＋动词原 形 If I become president, I ’ll make all of my people live a happy life. ( 竞选 总统的候选人这样说 ) If I became president, I ’d make all of my people live a happy life. ( 一个 小学生这样说 ) l 以下与现在事实相反 He wouldn ’t feel so cold if he were indoors. I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I hade time, I would certainly go to the movie with you. l 以下与过去事实相反