南京大学考研基础英语真题2008年.pdfVIP

南京大学考研基础英语真题2008年 (总分：150.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Part One: Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary(总题数：1，分数：30.00) The Ethics of Foreign Policy By Felix Morley 1. The architects of foreign policy throughout the ages have frequently asserted that morality plays an important part in their official planning and conduct. 2. This dubious claim has received much partisan support, but relatively little objective examination. The failure to exercise~ the critical faculty toward the acts of ones own government, while readily believing the worst in respect to the acts of other governments, is a tribute to the virtue of patriotism rather than to the quality of scientific analysis. The law of averages alone would indicate, without reference to cases, that in countless number of disputes between sovereignties, no single government is likely to have demonstrated superior morality consistently, except in the opinion of its own adherents. 3. The logical assumption would be that the foreign policy of any government is seldom completely good, in the sense of being a perfect exponent of the moral code of its time and place, and equally seldom is it absolutely evil, in the sense of being wholly oblivious to current moral standards. 4. From the ethical viewpoint the complexion of foreign policy would seem to be a habitual, though not uniform, gray. It is therefore the more desirable to indicate precisely why moral considerations, while seldom altogether ignored, are nevertheless of wholly secondary importance in determining the relations of governments. 5. Men are endowed by their Creator with a moral sense. They possess an intangible organ, to which we give the name conscience, that distinguishes between the more and the less admirable choices in all the countless occasions of decision that occur in