英语句子成分主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语讲解.pdfVIP

英语主谓宾表定状补成分精简讲解 一．主语： 主语 (subject) 是一个句子的主题 ( theme) ， 是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可 用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。 1．名词作主语。 A tree has fallen across the road. ( 倒下横在 ) Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。 ) 2 ．代词用作主语。 You’re not far wrong. ( 你差不多对了 ) 。 He told a joke but it fell flat. ( 他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑 ) 3 ．数词用作主语。 Three is enough. 三个就够了。 Four from seven leaves three. 7 减 4 余 3。 4 ．名词化的形容词用作主语。 The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。 Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。 5 ．副词用作主语。 Now is the time. 现在是时候了。 Carefully does it. 小心就行。 6 ．名词化的介词作主语。 The ups and downs of life must be taken as they come. 7 ．不定式用作主语。 To find your way can be a problem. 你能否找到路可能是一个问题。 It would be nice to see him again . 8 ．动名词用作主语。 Smoking is bad for you. Watching a film is pleasure,but making one is hard work. 9 ．名词化的过去分词用作主语。 The disabled are to receive more money. The deceased died of old age. 10. 介词短语用作主语。 To Beijing is not very far. From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback. 11. 从句用作主语。 Whenever you are ready will be fine. Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to. 12. 句子用作主语。 How do you do ? is a greeting. “你好”是一句问候语。 二．谓语 谓语 (predicate) 或谓语动词 (predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。 谓语由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 1．由简单的动词构成。 (1). What happened? 发生了什么事？ (2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。 (3). The plane took off at ten o ’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。 2 ．由动词短语构成的谓语。 (1). I am reading . 我在看书。 (2). What ’ s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着？ (3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。 3 ．英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。 这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词 have, get, take, give 等。如： (1). I had a swim yesterday. 我昨天游了一次水 (2). Take a look at that! 你看看那个！（ (3). He gave a sigh. 他叹了口气。 (4). I got a good shake-up. 我受到了很大的震动。 三．表语 表语的