生物化学课件Basic Biochemistry.pptVIP

Basic Biochemistry What is Biochemistry? Biochemistry is the study of the chemical interactions of living things. Biochemists study the structures and physical properties of biological molecules. Often are involved in the manufacture of new drugs and medical treatments Elements in Living Organisms The most common elements found in living organisms include: Carbon (C) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Hydrogen (H) Phosphorus (P) Sulfur (S) Periodic Table of the Elements (excerpt) Biochemistry: where chemistry and biology meet head-on Living things require millions of chemical reactions within the body, just to survive. Metabolism = all the chemical reactions occurring in the body. Organic molecules: usually associated with living things. always contain CARBON. are “large” molecules, with many atoms always have covalent bonds (share electrons) Macromolecules of Cells Macro = large 4 types of macromolecules in cellular biology 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids Macromolecule #1: Carbohydrates Sugars and groups of sugars Purposes: energy and structure Includes three types: Monosaccharide (1 sugar – quick energy) Disaccharide (2 sugars – short storage) Polysaccharide (many sugars – energy long storage form structures) Macromolecule #1: Carbohydrates Polysaccharide Examples: Glycogen—glucose polymer stored for future energy needs. Found in liver, muscle and sperm, etc. Cellulose—glucose polymer used to form fibers for plant structures. Humans can’t digest (fiber). Most abundant organic molecule. Chitin—glucose polymer for exoskeletons of some crustaceans insects. Polysaccharides Polysaccharides Macromolecule #2: Lipids Insoluble in water (think oil water) 4 types: 1-triglycerides (fats oils) (long-term energy storage, insulation) 2-phospholipids (primary component of cell membrane) 3-steroids (cell signaling) cholesterol molecules modified to form sex hormones. (e.g. testosterone, estrogen, etc.) 4-waxes (protection, p