Chap_05弹性及其应用(经济学原理,曼昆,中英文双语).ppt

8 7 8 7 21 15 22 15 26 15 27 15 27 15 25 15 28 15 28 15 29 19 29 19 31 20 32 21 32 21 32 21 32 21 37 37 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 8 7 P2 P1 石油数量 0 石油价格 需求 S 2 S 1 (a) 短期石油市场 P2 P1 石油数量 0 石油价格 需求 S 2 S 1 (b) 长期石油市场 2. ..引起 价格大 幅度上升 在长期中，当供给 与需求富有弹性时，供 给移动… 2. ..引起 价格小 幅度上升 在短期中，当供给和需求缺乏 弹性时，供给移动… Figure 5-9 P 2 P 1 Quantity of Drugs 0 Q 2 Q 1 Price of Drugs Demand S 2 S 1 Q 2 Q 1 (a) Drug Interdiction Quantity of Drugs 0 Price of Drugs Supply D 2 D 1 (b) Drug Education 3. ...and reduces the quantity sold. 2. ...which raises the price... 2. ...which reduces the price... P 1 P 2 1. Drug interdiction reduces the supply of drugs... 1. Drug education reduces the demand for drugs... 3. ...and reduces the quantity sold. Figure 5-10 P 2 P 1 毒品数量 0 Q 2 Q 1 毒品价格 需求 S 2 S 1 Q 2 Q 1 (a) 禁毒 毒品数量 0 毒品价格 供给 D 2 D 1 (b) 禁毒教育 3. …以及减少 了销售量。 2. …提高 了价格… 2. …降低 了价格… P 1 P 2 1. 禁毒减少了毒品供给… 1. 禁毒教育减少了毒品需求… 3. …以及减少 了销售量 。 Figure 5-10 Summary Price elasticity of demand measures how much the quantity demanded responds to changes in the price. Price elasticity of demand is calculated as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price. If a demand curve is elastic, total revenue falls when the price rises. If it is inelastic, total revenue rises as the price rises. 小结 需求价格弹性衡量需求量对价格变动的反应程度。 需求价格弹性等于需求量的变化百分比除以价格的变化百分比。 如果需求曲线是富有弹性的，总收益随着价格的上升而减少。 如果 需求曲线是缺乏弹性的，总收益随着价格的上升而增加。 Summary The income elasticity of demand measures how much the quantity demanded responds to changes in consumers’ income. The cross-price elasticity of demand measures how much the quantity demanded of one good responds to the price of another good. 小结 需求的收入弹性衡量需求量对消费者收入变动的反应程度。 需求的交叉弹性衡量一种物品的需求量 对另一种物品价格变动的反应程度。 Summary The price elasticity of supply measures how much the quantity supplied responds to changes in the price. In most markets, supply is more elastic in the long run than in the short run. 小结 供给价格弹性衡量供給量对价格变动的反应程度。 在大多数市场上，供给在长期中比在短期中更富有弹性。 Summary The price elasticity of