人教版模3 Unit 5 Canada —the true north深度主题阅读资料.pdfVIP

王海峰原创免费资源。 未经授权，禁止用于任何以营利为目的的商业出版活动。 B3 Unit 5 Canada – The True North 深度阅读资料 作者 王海峰 Canadian Cultural Diversity Article by Guy Rocher https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/culture Culture: A Definition Culture, a term used by social scientists, is also widely used in popular speech. It apparently arose first in the Old French of the Middle Ages to indicate a religious cult, or religious worship or ceremony. The verb “culture” means “working the soil” in French. In the 17th century, people referred to the “wheat culture,” “beans culture,” and, in a similar way, to the “culture of letters” and “culture of sciences.” In the 18th century the word was used alone to mean “formation of the spirit.” Eighteenth- century German philosophers and historians borrowed the term from the French, but Kultur, as it was written, had for the Germans both social and historical dimensions (维度). Some writers used it to mean progress, the improvement of the human spirit, a step towards the perfection of humanity. Others used it to mean “civilization” – that is, the improvement of mores (习惯), customs and knowledge. For German (and some French) authors of the day, the terms culture and civilization referred to the progress of Reason – that is, of science, knowledge and a new moral conscience which had been liberated from religions and mythologies. It was in English, however, that the term “culture” took on the modern meaning (culture signifying “husbandry” appeared in English as early as 1420). Anthropologists (人类学家) used the term to denote the mores, customs and beliefs of the “primitive” people they were studying. By the early 20th century, culture had become a central concept of the Social Scie