英语入门基础学习.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 17 词汇及语法知识汇总 1.be动词顺口溜: am接I；is接第三人称单数，即除you、I外；are接表示多个人或事物，即复数。（我是am，你是are，is连接它、她、他，单数is，复数are）。 2.一般疑问句: 一般疑问句概念：是可以用“yes”或“no”来回答的疑问句 Your boss has a car. Does your boss have a car? 这句中的Has在助动词does提前时，需要改变成原形。 在一般疑问句中，表示“一些”的概念时，用Many而不用some。1) 由be动词(am/is/are)开头的问句:Is he a teacher?Are you a teacher? 2) 一般疑问句的结构模式：助动词do/does+陈述句形式+？ 如：Do you have a car? No, I don’t 或Yes, I do Are you a chicken guy? No , I am not 或Yes , I am Is there any cake in the icebox? No , there isn’t 或 Yes , there is 3)情态动词can开头的问句 4)动词have/has开头的问句 3. 规则名词单数变复数： 1) “一个”是a+名词；一般情况下“多个”是名词后面加s 2)词尾是s,x,ch,sh结尾的词，在词尾后加-es; 3)“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加-es;以y结尾的专有名词或“元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加-s; 4)以“元音字母+o”结尾的词，在词尾加-s;“辅音字母+o”结尾的词，在词尾加-es; 5)以-f/fe结尾的词，变复数，将-f/fe改为v加es; 顺口溜:妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。 注：roof-roofs 4.一般疑问句的否定结构: not是表示否定的词： am not，is not（isn’t），are not（aren’t）。 把not放在一般疑问句的主语之后,即构成一般疑问句的否定结构.eg.Is she not a student?eg.Have you not any sisters?eg.Can she not do it? 5.陈述句转疑问句及回答: This is a watch.-?Is this a watch?Yes,it is(不许缩写).No,it isn’t(必须缩写). 6.陈述句变否定句: 否定的用法：在动词之前加do not或does not。I、You和复数名词做主语时，否定就用do not；凡是单数名称和he、she、it做主语，否定就用does not。 This is a watch.→This is not(isn’t) a watch. 7.主要字母组合的发音 字母组合 发音 例词 ar [a:] car,bar,far,star al [?:] small ay [ei] play ea [i：] tea,beat,read,eat [ei] break,great [e] bread ee [i：] bee,see,Lee,jeep ei [ei] eight oo [u] cook,foot,look,classroom [u：] boot,food,gooes,room oa [?u] coat,boat,goat oi [?i] oil ir [?:] bird oor [?:] door oy [?i] boy ow [au] how [ ?u] Know ou [au] house or [?:] work,world,worse [?] doctor,visitor,tractor [?:] morning er [?] sister,brother,mother,father [?:] her,term ir [?:] bird,shirt,third,girl eer [i?] beer,deer,cheer ur [?:] turn eir [e?] their ere [ε?] there,where ear [i?] hear,fear [ε?] pear,bear,wear air [ε?] chair,hair th [θ] three,thirty,thin,thousand [e] this,those,these,they ck [k] chick,click,cock,clock sh [?] Shoe,sh