热带水果介绍.ppt

TROPICAL FRUITS AND NUTS David S. Seigler Department of Plant BiologyUniversity of IllinoisUrbana, Illinois 61801 USAseigler@/seigler Tropical Fruits and Nuts: Outline Importance Local World-wide Botanical Domestication Changes -some ancient Cultivation - propagation - rarely monoculture - why not? Most Important Bananas Citrus Pineapple Avocado Mango Tropical nuts- importance Coconut Cashew READING Fruits from market in Panama Tropical fruits in a Queensland market Introduction Many types of tropical fruits. Some exotic and not found commonly in temperate regions of the world. Others are well-known cultivars such as tomatoes, squash, green peppers and cucumbers. Most of the other types of tropical crops are perennials that cannot be cultivated in temperate zones of the world. More types of fruits in the tropics than in temperate portions of the world Few previously known here. The situation has changed in recent years. Many exotic tropical fruits are in. In the tropics, most gathered wild or cultivated on a local scale and consumed locally. Bananas, citrus crops, pineapples, mangoes, and avocados are major exceptions. See the table of tropical fruits and nuts on pg. 76. Tables of production, p. 77. Bananas Bananas (Musa sp., Musaceae) are from southeast Asia. The taxonomy is complex. They were early taken to Madagascar and Africa by the Indonesians. In 600 B.C. they were in India. Alexander the Great saw them there. In 1522 in West Africa. To the Americas by 1516. Other evidence indicates that bananas were also domesticated in east Africa at an early date. Banana plantations in Jamaica Musa sapientum, bananas, Musaceae Banana leaves and plantains Most banana species have seeds. Common cultivars are sterile triploids. Most bananas in the tropics cooked, but many also are eaten fresh. Most of bananas in the U.S. are the latter type. Primitive, probably diploid, ban