OIE《水生动物疫病手册》箭毒蛙壶菌感染 2018版第2.1.1章只用条款4.3.1.4.6.pdfVIP

C H A P T E R 2 . 1 . 1 . I N F E C T I O N W I T H B A T R A C H O C H Y T R I U M D E N D R O B A T I D I S 1. Scope1 For the purposes of this chapter, chytridiomycosis as a disease resulting from infection with the zoosporic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Fungi, Chytridiomycota, Rhizophydiales). The recommendations in this chapter apply to all species of Anura (frogs and toads), Caudata (salamanders, newts and sirens) and Gymnophiona (caecilians). All protocols and reagents described in this chapter are available from the OIE Reference Laboratory. All sampling, histology, histochemistry and TaqMan techniques have been validated (Hyatt et al., 2007). 2. Disease information 2.1. Agent factors 2.1.1. Aetiological agent, agent strains Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) was first described in 1998 and 1999 (Berger et al., 1998; Longcore et al., 1999) and is now the accepted cause of the potentially fatal disease chytridiomycosis (refer to the Australian Threat Abatement Plan for chytridomycosis, which can be found at: .au/resource/infection-amphibians-chytrid-fungus-resulting-chytridiomycosis). The disease has led to mass mortalities, population declines, and extinction (up to eight species in Australia) of amphibian populations and species around the world (Fisher et al., 2009). Bd is now recognised for its ability to spread rapidly though amphibian populations (Lips et al., 2006; Skerratt et al., 2007), cause high rates of mortality (Lips et al., 2006) and persist at low host densities (Woodhams Alford, 2005). To date, Bd