高中英语语法复习总结-第5讲-句子结构讲练.docVIP

五 句子结构 语法精讲 一：系表结构 1：主语+系动词+表语 1）：稳定状态——be作系动词，表语是说明主语的稳定情况，状态，性质等。 The teacher is forty years old. I am poor. 2）：状态的变化——系动词为get,turn,become,fall, 等。 The weather got warmer. The boy fell asleep. 3）：被感觉的状态——感官词look,tast,smell,feel,sound为系动词。注：主语为被感觉的事物。 The rose looks very beautiful. Cotton feels soft. 4）：感觉的状态——feel为系动词。 She feels satisfied with the work. 5)：保持与持续的状态——keep,stay,remain为系动词。 The man keeps quiet. The old man remains in good health. 6）：涉及结果的状态—— go,come,prove为系动词。 The meat went bad. Her dream has come true. His idea proved right. 7).：seem+adj.句型 She seems to be worried about her mother. 二：主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。 The teacher teaches( well). The child walks (very slowly). The war broke out (that year) The scientist looked out of the window. The doctor operated on (the patient). ＊The food eats well./ The novel sells well. 三：动宾结构 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。 宾语可为sth./sb.或doing或to do或that /if/how/who/…/+从句或how/what/when/…/+to do The farmer dug a hole (in the field) People have the habbit of getting up early. Mr.Brown stopped teaching French. She continued to read the newspaper The girl asked.if I was scared at the strange creature. The man didn’t know what to do next. 注意：接to do 或doing意义相似的动词有：like,love,hate,begin,start,continue等。 接to do或doing意义不同的动词有：forget,remember,try,mean,regret,go on,stop等。 必须接doing的有：avoid,finish,enjoy,couldn’t help,mind,介词短语，等。 四：双宾结构 这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。 1.The artist showed them his paintings./ The artist showed his paintings to them. 此类动词有give,lend,send,tell,等。 Mother bought me a new dress./Mother bought a new dress for me. 此类动词有make,cook,play等。 注意：不说The teacher gave the boy it. 另须用：explain/announce/introduce to sb. sth 2.The man told the girl that he wanted to see a film with her. 3.The man advised me which to buy. 五：宾补结构 这种句型中的“宾语 ＋ 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾