新编英语语法教程第19-22讲.ppt

非谓语动词 非谓语动词 具有双重性质: 1) 动词性质 have breakfast fast Having breakfast fast is bad for health. 2) 非动词性质,即名词及形容词性质 To see is to believe. The girl standing there is my sister. 非谓语动词的类型 1) 不定式 infinitive 具有名词及形容词性 2) 动名词 gerund 具有名词词性 3) 现在分词 present participle 具有形容词词性 4) 过去分词 past participle 具有形容词词性 具有名词词性的非谓语动词,即不定式,动名词,可作句子主语,宾语,表语等 两者作主语时的差异 1) 不定式强调结果,动名词强调过程 To see is to believe. Seeing is believing. 2) 不定式侧重具体某次动作, 动名词指抽象多次动作 To smoke so much is not good for you. Smoking is not good for our health. 3)在含有no, -less 等否定词的句子中,一般都用动名词作真实主语. It is no use asking her advice. 4) 在某些名词或形容词后,用动名词作真实主语. It’s a waste of time discussing such matters. It is worthwhile waiting for another 2 days. a waste of time/ an awful job/ not an easy work/ good / better/ interesting/ fun/ odd/ enjoyable/ worthwhile 5) 在某些名词或形容词后,用不定式作真实主语 It is very important to read aloud in learning a foreign language. It is considerate of you to give me a hand. important/ easy/ hard/difficult/ nice clever/ foolish/ wrong/ considerate/ rude/ impolite/ pleasure/ mistake/ pity/ shame/ honor 6) there be句型的一种特殊情况 There be no doing sth. = It is impossible to do sth There is no telling what would be the punishment at the moment. 7) 表语和主语应平衡 To live is to struggle. Living is struggling. 非谓语动词作宾语 1) 不定式是 “未发生” 或 “将发生” 而动名词是 “已完成” remember to turn off the light remember turning off the light 2) 部分动词只用不定式作其宾语 aim to/ arrange to/ ask to/ afford to/ agree to/ apply to/ beg to/ claim to/ choose to/ dare to/ decide to/ decline to/ demand to/ desire to/ determine to/ endeavor to/ expect to/ pretend to/ proceed to/ promise to/ refuse to/ request to/ resolve to/ seek to/ strive to/ swear to/ undertake to/ volunteer to/ wish to He expected to see him at once. I can’t afford to buy a house now. 3)部分动词只用动名词作宾语 acknowledge/ admit/ advise/ advocate/ allow/ anticipate/ appreciate/ avoid/ complete/ confess/ consider/ contemplate defer/ delay/ deny/ detest/ endure/ enjoy/ escape/ evade/ excuse/ fancy/ forbid/ favor/