307-一种户用生物质成型燃料炊暖炉的污染排放特性研究.pdfVIP

一种户用生物质成型燃料炊暖炉的污染排 放特性研究 * 清华大学建筑技术科学系 邓梦思 张双奇 单明 杨旭东 摘要：我国每年可利用的生物质资源约4.96 亿tce，但很大一部分被露天焚烧或废弃， 造成了严重的资源浪费和环境污染。户用生物质成型燃料炊暖炉具在农村的应用是解决这些 问题的主要途径之一。本文对一种高自动化的生物质成型燃料炊暖炉进行了测试，选取了秸 秆颗粒、稻壳颗粒和木质颗粒三种常用的生物质燃料作为测试燃料，研究了这种炉具的污染 物排放特性，并将其与现有一些炉具的测试结果进行了对比。结果表明所测炉具燃烧稻壳和 木质颗粒的排放比秸秆低，但三种燃料的NOx 的排放均较高，且排放浓随燃料中氮元素含量 的升高而升高。所测炉具的污染物排放因子低于现有很大一部分炉具排放因子的1/3，具有 较广阔的应用前景。 关键词：生物质成型燃料；炊暖；碳平衡方法；排放浓度；排放因子 Study on pollutant emission performances of a biomass domestic cooking and heating stove By Deng Mengsi, Zhang Shuangqi, Shan Ming*, Yang Xudong Abstract: In China, the available biomass resource is about 496 million tonnes of coal equivalent (tce) every year. However, a large part of the biomass is burned in the open air or abandoned, leading to serious problems of resources waste and environmental pollution. The application of domestic biomass cooking and heating stove in rural areas is one of the useful ways to solve these problems. In the study, the pollutant emission performances of a biomass cooking and heating stove were measured, and three biomass densified solid fuels including corn straw pellet, rice husk pellet and wood pellet were consumed in the stove. The results showed the pollutant emissions from rice husk pellet and wood pellet combustion were lower than that of straw pellet. The emissions of NOx from three fuels were all slightly high, which is related to the high nitrogen content of biomass fuels. The pollutant emission factors of the measured stove were lower than the 1/3 of emission factors of many existing stove, which indicated this stove may be disseminated in the future. Key words: biomass densified solid fuel; cooking and heating; carbon balance method; emission concentration; emission factor 1 我国生物质资源利用概况 我国是农业生产大国，农作物秸秆、禽畜粪便和林业薪柴等生物质资源丰富。根据相关 邓梦思，女，1992 年8 月出生，清华大学在读博士研究