Human Perception课件.pptVIP

Perceptual Fusion Two stimuli within the same PP cycle (perceptual processor cycle, approx 100ms) appear fused Consequences: 10 frames/second seems to be moving (20fps looks smooth) Computer responses in less then 100ms appear instantaneous i.e. That’s how this projector works 精品文档 Stage Theory of Human Perception Memory Sensory Image Store WorkingMemory Long Term Memory decay decay,displacement decay? interference? maintenance rehearsal elaboration 精品文档 Working Memory Small capacity: 7 +/- 2 chunks A memory chunk is a small grouping of data eg 800 411 4664 is three chunks Fast decay rate (~7 [5-226] sec) Maintenance Rehearsal fends off delay Interference causes faster delay 精品文档 Long-term Memory (LTM) Huge capacity Little decay Elaborative rehearsal moves chunks from working memory into LTM by making connections with other chunks 精品文档 Recall Who were the 7 dwarves in Snow White? 精品文档 Recognition Grouchy Sneezy Smiley Sleepy Pop Grumpy Cheerful Dopey Bashful Wheezy Doc Lazy Happy Nifty Sleepy Does that help? 精品文档 Power Law of Practice Task time on the nth trial: Tn = T1 n-a + cwhere a = 0.4 ; c is a limiting constant You get faster the more times you do it! Applies to skilled behavior eg. Sensory Motor Not to knowledge acquisition or improving quality 精品文档 Human Actions 精品文档 Divided Attention Multitasking Attention is a resource that can be shared among different tasks simultaneously Depends on The structure of the tasks (similar tasks interfere, different tasks are easy to share) modality, encoding, and components Difficulty of the task 精品文档 Choice Reaction Time Reaction time is proportional to information content of stimulus If the user has to make a choice, it takes much longer to respond Double your number of stimuli, double your reaction time 精品文档 Hick’s Law Time it takes for a user to make a decision. Given n equally probable choices, the average reaction time T required to choose among them: T = b log2(n + 1) 精品文档 Information Clutter We don’t ev