颈部应用解剖学.pptVIP

颈部neck 颈部Neck 境界Boundaries 上界Superior－下颌底、下颌角、乳突、上项线、枕外隆突inferior border of mandible, angle of mandible, tip of mastoid process, superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance 下界Inferior－颈静脉切迹、胸锁关节、锁骨上缘、肩峰、第七颈椎棘突jugular notch, sternoclavicular joint, superior border of clavicle, acromion, spinous processes of C7 体表标志Landmarks 舌骨Hyoid bone 甲状软骨Thyroid cartilage 环状软骨Cricoid cartilage 颈动脉结节Carotid tubercle 胸锁乳突肌Sternocleidomastoid 胸骨上窝Suprasternal fossa 锁骨上大窝Greater supraclaviclar fossa 颈部分区Division of neck 固有颈部Proper neck 颈前区Anterior region 舌骨上区Suprahyoid region： 颏下三角Submental triangle 下颌下三角Submandibular triangle 舌骨下区Infrahyoid region： 颈动脉三角Carotid triangle 肌三角Muscular triangle 胸锁乳突肌区Sternocleidomastoid region 颈外侧区Lateral region 枕三角Occipital triangle 锁骨上三角supraclavicular triangle Greater supraclavicular fossa 项部posterior portion（nape） 皮肤Skin 浅筋膜Superficial fascia 深筋膜Deep fascia 肌Muscles 血管Blood vessels, 淋巴管Lymphatic ducts 神经Nerves 咽、喉、食管、气管、甲状腺、甲状旁腺Pharynx,larynx and esophagua and trachea Thyroid gland, parathyroid gland 皮肤Skin 皮肤薄、移动性大、皮纹呈横向分布。The natural line of cleavage of the skin are constant and run almost horizontally around the neck 浅筋膜Superficial fascia 颈筋膜Cervical fascia 浅层Superficial layer (investing fascia 封套筋膜) 气管前筋膜Pretrachial layer 椎前筋膜Prevertebral layer 颈动脉鞘Carotid sheath Formed by components of all three layers of deep cervical fascia 内容Contains 颈总动脉common carotid arteries 颈内动脉internal carotid arteries 颈内静脉internal jugular vein 迷走神经vagus nerve Ansa cervicalis located on its anterior surface 筋膜间隙Spaces among fascia 胸骨上间隙Suprasternal space 气管前间隙Pretracheal space 咽后间隙Retropharyngeal space 椎前间隙Prevertebral space 颈前区anterior regions of the neck 下颌下三角Submandibular triangle 境界：二腹肌前、后腹和下颌骨体下缘围成。 浅面Roof: 皮肤、浅筋膜、颈阔肌、封套筋膜。 底Floor: 下颌舌骨肌、舌骨舌肌和咽中缩肌mylohyoid, hyoglossus and middle constrictor of pharynx 内容Contents 下颌下腺submandibular gland 面血管facial a.and v. 舌血管lingual a. and v. 舌神经lingual n. 舌下神经hypoglossal n. 下颌下神经节submandibular ganglion 下颌下淋巴结subma