课件：哈尔滨医科大学-儿童少年卫生学-儿童少年单纯性肥胖.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 以皮褶厚度计测量右侧肱三头肌肌腹部和右肩胛下角部 * * * * * * 男、女：1985：大中城市肥胖检出率：0.2％，0.1％； 90年代，4.2％，3.2％； 2000年，8.55％，4.12％ * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1. Genetic determinants 遗传因素 In the twins studies, the heritability of the BMI was estimated to be very high, about 80%. The results of adoption and family studies, however, agree on a heritability of about 33%. Genetic predisposition ob gene leptin 2. Environmental determinants 环境因素 ① Food intake ② Socioeconomic status ③ Family factors ④ Physical activity ⑤ Brain damage ⑥ Drugs ⑦ Endocrine factors ⑧ Psychologic factors (1) Newborn and infancy Heavy birth weight 高出生体重 Smoking in pregnancy 母孕期吸烟 Non-breast feeding 非母乳喂养 Different age，different factors (2) Pre-school age Weight level and increment rate Catch-up growth of low-birth-weight --- U shape distribution Parents obesity Long time for watching TV and short sleeping time BMI AND BIRTH WEIGHT British Journal of Cancer (2004) 91, 519–524 Is the association of birth weight with premenopausal breast cancer risk mediated through childhood growth? Silva IS, Stavola BLD, Hardy RJ, ?et al. (3) School age and adolescence Parents obesity 父母肥胖 Increasing velocity violent, especially Stunt children 生长迟滞儿童 Sedentary lifestyle “以静代动”的生活方式 —— watching TV play computer transportation (manner of going to school) deficiency physical exercise lack of outdoor activity Dull in after-school, lack of physical exercise motivation, interest and inducement “three hyper-”diet and soft drink Parents lack of nutrition knowledge Strong commercial inducement Have early puberty growth and body fat increase rapidly VI. Tend to occur obesity肥胖的易发时期 The late pregnancy 孕后期 Infancy (especially before 9 months) 婴儿期（尤其生后9个月内） The early puberty 青春早期 The late puberty 青春发育后期 The influence on child and adolescent health Effect on psychology poor self-ima