高中英语人教版选修6Unit1ArtGrammar教案(系列二).docVIP

unit 1 Art Grammar 虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood 教案 一：分类 1在英语中有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气 2 虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求，有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。 二、形式 虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中，在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设。 a.和现在事实相反的假设 If从句 主句 主语+动词过去式+其它 (be动词用were) 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形+其它 如：If I were you, I would study hard. If he had enough money, he would buy a computer. b.和过去事实相反的假设 If从句 主句 主语+had done+其它 主语+had been done+其它（被动） 主语+would/should/could/might +have done 主语+would/should/could/might +have been done(被动) 如：If you had come five minutes earlier, you would have met him. If they had been treated in time, they would not have died. c.和将来事实相反的假设 If从句 主句 主语+were to do+其它 主语+动词过去式+其它 主语+should+动词原形+其它 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形 如：If I were to do it, I would do it in another day. If it rained tomorrow, we wouldn’t be able to go on picnic. d.混合条件句 混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设，而主句则表示现在的某种情况。 If从句 主句 主语+had done+其它 主语+would/should/could/ might +be+表语 主语+would/should/could/might +be+doing 主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形 三、注意事项 ①如果从句中有were、had或者should时，则可以省略if，并将were、had或者should提前至句首，构成部分倒装，但如果是否定句，则否定词not不提前。 如：Were I to be young again, I would study medicine. =If I were to be young again, I would study medicine. Had you not left so early, you might have missed the train. =If you had not left so early, you might have missed the train. ②用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有with, without, but for. 如：Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. =But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. =Had it not been for your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. ③在句中出现了表示转折的连词，如or, or else, otherwise等，如果句意和事实不符也要用虚拟语气。 如：You did what you were asked to, otherwise you would have been punished. ④如果句子中有短语for fear that, lest, in case时，要用should+动词原形来表示虚拟，should可以省略。 如：He is working hard for fear that he fail. ⑤如果句子前半部分是虚拟，句中出现了but，后面句子则不用虚拟语气。 如 :I would have come earlier,