风险管理与再保险业经营.ppt

風險管理與再保險業經營 綱要 企業風險管理工作之演進 ERM簡介 中央再保險公司ERM體系目前之建置與運作 企業風險管理工作之演進 1980年以前：以保護企業資產為目的，主要以購買保險來移轉風險。 1980~1990年：企業面臨高保額之財產及責任保險需求，產險業也因整體損失率惡化，面臨虧損而必須提高保費，企業之保險成本巨幅成長，風險管理以改變保險結構，提高自負額來降低保險支出；自負額提高，一方面可增加企業做好損害防阻工作之誘因，另一方面也促使較多大型企業集團開始針對某些自留或商業保險拒保之風險成立專屬保險公司（Captive Insurance Co.）承擔風險，並藉此管道直接進入轉移風險較具成本效益之再保險市場，風險管理工作朝向多元化發展。 1990~2000年：財務投資風險漸受重視，量化風險之工具及知識亦逐漸擴散，企業風險之控管更為多元，主要仍以保護公司之資產負債表為目的，財務投資及其他各項風險之控管分由不同單位負責，並無統一之語言或標準。 2000年以後：整合性風險管理（Integrated Risk Management）或企業風險管理（Enterprise Risk Management，簡稱ERM）之架構開始出現，其主要目的為提升企業價值。 ERM is not only for downside risk control, but a proactive decision making process to maximize enterprise value by optimizing risk and return ERM is a concept with many definitions. Guy Carpenter’s Book, ‘Enterprise Risk Analysis for Property Liability Insurance Companies’ – The process of systematically and comprehensively identifying critical risks, quantifying their  impacts and implementing integrated strategies to maximize enterprise value. U.S. Casualty Actuarial Society – A process by which significant risks are identified, prioritized, integrated, aggregated,  analytically modeled, dynamically monitored, and updated for the purpose of optimizing  organization results. ‘Essentials of Risk Management’ by Michel Crouhy, Dan Galai, Robert Mark – A deliberate attempt to break through the tendency of firms to operate in risk management silos… – An attempt to take into consideration in business decisions much more explicitly than has been  done in the past. Standard Poors – Introduced the analysis of ERM as a new criteria in rating insurance companies, believing that it  is important to not only evaluate whether downside risks are appropriately controlled, but also  whether risk management is being proactively conducted in order to improve enterprise value  by optimizing risk-adjusted return. Historical Context of ERMExternally, pressure is buil