高物理中英文对照表.docVIP

PAGE / NUMPAGES 高一物理名词概念规律集合（中英文对照） 力学 力学 mechanics 力 force 力是物体间的作用 Force is the interaction of objects. 力的图示 force diagram 力有大小和方向 A force has both a magnitude and a direction. 牛顿 Newton 动力和阻力 motive force and resistance 重力 gravitational force 重量 weight 弹簧秤 a spring balance 重心 center of gravity or gravitational center 质量分布均匀的物体（匀质物体），重心的位置只跟物体的形状有关 For a body with homogeneously distributed mass (homogeneous body), the location of its gravitational center depends on its shape. 弹力 elastic force 拉力，压力和支持力 full, pressure and supporting force 形变 deformation 弹性限度 elastic limit 拉伸形变，压缩形变，弯曲形变，扭转形变 stretched deformation, pressed deformation, bending deformation, twist deformation 压力的方向垂直于支持面指向被压的物体，支持力的方向垂直于支持面指向被支持的物体 The direction of a pressure is perpendicular to the supporting surface and points to the pressed object, while the direction of a supporting force is perpendicular to the supporting surface but points to the supported object. 胡克定律 Hook’s law: The extension of a piece of wire is directly proportional to the applied force providing the limit of proportionality is not exceeded. 摩擦力 frictional force 滑动摩擦力 sliding frictional force 滑动摩擦力的方向总是跟接触面相切，并且跟物体相对运动的方向相反 The direction of the sliding frictional force is always tangential to the surfaces in contact and is opposite to the direction of the relative motion. 滑动摩擦力跟压力成正比 The sliding frictional force is directly proportional to the pressure. 动摩擦因数 the dynamic friction factor 滚动摩擦 rolling friction 静摩擦力 static frictional force 静摩擦力的方向总是跟接触因相切，并且跟物体相对运动趋势的方向相反 The direction of the static frictional force is always tangential to the contacting surfaces and is in the opposite direction to the tendency of the relative motion. 最大静摩擦力 the maximum static frictional force 力的合成 composition of forces 合力 resultant (force) 共点力 concurrent forces: If a number of forces act on the same point of an object, or their lines of application intersect at a common point, the forces are called the concurrent for