冠心病诊断和治疗课件.pptVIP

* * * * * 二级预防应全面综合考虑，为便于记忆归纳为A、B、C、D、E为符号的5个方面： A Aspirin 抗血小板聚集（或氯吡格雷） Anti－anginals 抗心绞痛硝酸类制剂 B Betaloe 预防心律失常，减轻心脏负荷等 Blood pressure 控制好血压 C Cholesterol 控制血脂水平 Cigarette 戒烟 D Diet 控制饮食 Diabetes 治疗糖尿病 E Education 普及有关冠心病的教育（患者和家属） Exercise 鼓励有计划、适当的运动锻炼 * * * * * Atherosclerosis is a complex disease. Atherosclerotic plaques can be subdivided in accordance with their age and state of development. It is the newly formed lesions with a large lipid core, thin capped, which are fragile and therefore likely to rupture and lead to an acute ischemic event. * Slide 3 Atherothrombosis: a Generalized and Progressive Process Atherothrombosis is the common underlying disease process for MI, ischemia and vascular death. ACS are classic examples of atherothrombosis (plaque rupture and thrombus formation). ACS (in common with ischemic stroke and critical leg ischemia) are typically caused by rupture or erosion of an atherosclerotic plaque followed by formation of a platelet-rich thrombus. Atherosclerosis is an ongoing process affecting mainly large and medium-sized arteries, which can begin in childhood and progress throughout a person’s lifetime. Stable atherosclerotic plaques may encroach on the lumen of the artery and cause chronic ischemia, resulting in (stable) angina pectoris or intermittent claudication, depending on the vascular bed affected. Unstable atherosclerotic plaques may rupture, leading to the formation of a platelet-rich thrombus that partially or completely occludes the artery and causes acute ischemic symptoms. * 有很多危险因素可以导致冠心病，有的是可改变的，有的是不能改变的。 * 对脆弱和稳定斑块的不同特点进行的详细分析显示在稳定斑块中纤维帽厚且含更多平滑肌细胞。而不稳定斑块中常见到炎性细胞如T淋巴细胞及活化巨噬细胞。这些炎性细胞释放可致薄弱纤维帽进一步降解的细胞因子和组织因子，从而促进了血小板粘附和聚集。很明显，稳定斑块更能够经受血流的剪切力及防止破裂。 Libby. Circulation 1995;91:2844-50 * * * * 　　不稳定性心绞痛治疗目标，短期来说应该是尽快缓解心绞痛、预防心梗、保护存活的心肌（如有心梗）及防止死亡。长期的目标则是心脏功能恢复、明确及治疗冠心病危险因素／基础疾病和减少再入院治疗。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 三、定位、定范围 * 导联 前间隔 局限前壁 前